4.2

1. 4.2 Europeans Settle North America

2. Claims in North America • A northwest trade route to Asia through North America = huge profits • Route does not exist – countries settle instead • France, England, Holland establish colonies in North America

3. New France • Explore what is today, Canada • Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec – becomes capital of New France • Marquette & Joliet explore Great Lakes & upper Mississippi River • de La Salle explores lower Mississippi – claims entire Mississippi River Valley for France • Fur trade becomes primary economic activity

4. England’s Claims • Jamestown (Virginia) = first English settlement in North America • Jamestown (1607) was a disaster • Settlers want gold instead of crops • Built on swamp – diseases spread • 70 % of people die • Tobacco saves Jamestown

5. England Claims • New England founded • Pilgrims escape religious persecution – land in Plymouth, Massachusetts • Puritans come to New England – goal = build model community for other Christians • More successful than Jamestown because many families

6. Dutch Settlements • Dutch establish forts around Hudson River • Trade with Iroquois Indians • Begin colony of New Netherland • Dutch settlement slow, so others invited to colonize New Netherland (German, French, etc.) • New Netherland splits English holdings in America

7. Caribbean Colonies • English colonize Jamaica and Barbados • French colonize Haiti, Guadeloupe, and Martinique • Dutch colonize Aruba and Netherlands Antilles • Cotton and sugar plantations = major industry

8. The Fight for North America • The English want to connect their colonies • They defeat the Dutch – rename New Netherland to New York • The French and Indian War • English settlers push west into French territory past Appalachian Mountains • England oppress natives • Natives ally with French • England wins

9. Native American Response • French and Dutch cooperate with natives due to fur trade • England want to expand colonies – take land of Native Americans • English feel Native Americans are heathen • Metacom = Native American leader attacks English villages • English respond by attacking tribes – English win • Disease wipes out Native Americans • Effects = can’t defend territory; major labor shortage