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High Middle Ages

High Middle Ages. Unit 1. Feudalism vs. Manorialism ( Seignorialism ). Feudalism : a contractual system of political and military relationships existing among the nobility in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages

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High Middle Ages

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  1. High Middle Ages Unit 1

  2. Feudalism vs. Manorialism(Seignorialism) • Feudalism: a contractual system of political and military relationships existing among the nobility in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages • Seignorialism/Manorialism: a system of political, economic, and social relations between seigneurs, or lords, and their dependent farm laborers in the Middle Ages

  3. Three-field system

  4. Guilds • 2 types: merchant & trade • Similar to modern trade union (e.g. teacher’s union) • Protection for workers and workers’ families (paid for funerals…) • Monopoly over specific trades/crafts (blacksmith, shoe maker, etc.) in a town • Began to form somewhat of a middle class

  5. The Black Death • “Bubonic plague” – disease transferred from fleas, which were on rats, which were on ships from Black Sea area

  6. The Black Death • Wiped out 1/3 of Europe’s population • Effects on feudal system • Increase in labor wages and in price of goods that lords had to pay  losing profit • Some left land, selling to highest bidder; some imposed strict regulations  peasant revolts • Effects on society • Higher demand for luxury/expensive items made in cities  encouraged migration to urban centers better for spreading ideas…

  7. Hundred Years’ War (1337 – 1453) • Spurred France’s centralization (transition from the fragmentation of feudal society toward a national unity/identity)

  8. The Late Medieval Church • Papacy became politically powerful, causing tensions with the growing secular powers • Philip IV the Fair (France; r. 1285 - 1314) retaliated when Boniface VIII asserted papal authority, to Boniface’s eventual humiliation and death • Clement V (r. 1305 – 1314) moved the papal court to Avignon (closer to France for political pressure)

  9. Late Medieval Church • The papacy was cut off from fund delivery while in Avignon (1309 – 1377)  expanded papal taxes and began to sell indulgences wide secular criticism for Avignon papacy’s materialism; later fuel for Martin Luther and Reformation

  10. Late Medieval Church • The Great Schism (1378 - 1418): A period in which there were two (3 beginning in 1409) conflicting popes: one in Avignon, and one in Rome • In sum: papal attempts to supersede secular powers and strengthen its own actually seemed to have the opposite effect.

  11. Medieval Russia • Fragmented principalities • Mongol Invasion and Rule (1243 – 1480) • Led by Genghis Khan • Left Russian political and religious institutions largely intact • Moscow principality grew wealthy collecting tribute for Mongols; eventually gained more territory (via purchases/conquest) and enough strength to fight against Mongols and eventually drive them out in 1480

  12. Medieval Russia • Impact of Mongol rule: • Gave Moscow prominence (Kiev had most during pre-invasion times)  set up modern system of Tsardom • Allowed Moscow to prosper from trade routes going between Europe and Asia  modern mixed culture of Russia: Western Christian/political values and Eastern mysticism

  13. 3-2-1! • 3 things you learned • 2 questions you have • 1 thing you liked

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