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Introduction to Fungi

Introduction to Fungi. Fungi are no longer considered plants because they: 1. Reproduce by haploid spores. 2. Made of long filaments called hyphae 3. Have cell walls made of chitin. 4. Do not have chlorophyll

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Introduction to Fungi

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  1. Introduction to Fungi

  2. Fungi are no longer considered plants because they: 1. Reproduce by haploid spores

  3. 2. Made of long filaments called hyphae 3. Have cell walls made of chitin

  4. 4. Do not have chlorophyll 5. Digest their food before they ingest it (Extracellular digestion, also known as absorption feeders)

  5. Most Fungi are saprophytic, some are parasitic • Fungi grow in moist, dark, warm places

  6. Fungi reproduce asexually by fragmentation, budding, and spore production

  7. Most fungi also reproduce sexually Fungi are classified by the way they reproduce

  8. There are more than 65,000 species of fungi; most are microscopic

  9. Hyphae structure Pore Septum All other fungi True Molds

  10. Part II: Classification There are 4 phyla of fungi

  11. Phylum:Zygomycota Structure: many interwoven hyphae with numerous spore-bearing stalks called sporangiophores sticking up

  12. Sporangiophore

  13. Asexual rep: haploid spores growing on stalks Sexual rep: fusion of hyphae, develops a zygospore

  14. Zygospore

  15. Habitat: soil; baked goods; most are terrestrial; some parasitic on insects

  16. Example 1: Cordyceps (parasitic on a grasshopper)

  17. Example 2: Black bread mold (Rhizopus sp.)

  18. Importance: Destroy many foods; destroy lumber; that all leads to “big bucks” wasted

  19. 1-Zygomycotalife cycle Sporangia Stolon Rhizoids Zygospore

  20. 2-Basidiomycota Gills Cap Stipe

  21. Structure: spores on a fruiting body called a basidiocarp; spores grow on exterior surface of basidia

  22. Asexual Reprod.: Fragmentation; Asexual basidiospores Sexual Reprod.: Hyphae fuse; fruiting body (basidiocarp) grows

  23. Basidospores Basidia

  24. Habitat: all terrestrial; decomposers of plants

  25. Examples: mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs, stinkhorn, rusts, smuts

  26. Importance: many edible; many are plant pathogens (corn smut, wheat rust…)

  27. 3-Ascomycota

  28. Structure: spores on a fruiting body called an ascocarp; ascospores grow in an interior sac-like structure called an ascus

  29. Asexual Reprod.: In unicellular form (yeast) budding which is unequal mitosis. In others, asexual spores form

  30. Sexual Reprod.: hyphae fuse, grow fruiting body (ascocarp), then, develop spores called ascospores

  31. BUDDING

  32. Ascus Ascospores

  33. Habitat: grow on wood, soil, & other substrates; some pathogenic

  34. Examples: Unicellular: Yeast Multicellular: Cup fungi, Truffles, Morels, Mildew

  35. Importance: Many edible; yeast important in fermentation (big money in fermentation science)

  36. 4-Deuteromycota Conidiophore Conidiospores

  37. Structure: many spore-bearing filaments

  38. Reproduction: ONLY asexual reproduction; spores grow on conidia (a structure that looks like a fork); conidiospores look like strings of beads

  39. Habitat: soil; plants; and many on animals

  40. Examples: Penicillium sp.; Aspergillis sp.; Athletes foot and Ringworm (both types ofTinea sp.–where the name Tinactin comes from)

  41. Importance: used to make medicines; many destroy foods; many pathogenic/parasitic on animals

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