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Getting to grips with Landownership

Getting to grips with Landownership. VCH Cumbria Meeting for volunteers, 14 Feb 2013. Overlordship. Landownership within baronies. Inquisitions post mortem [IPMs]: Robert Clifford, 1314. IPM Robert Clifford (2). IPM Margaret Dacre, 1362. IPM Peter Tillioll, 1246. Manor of Scaleby

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Getting to grips with Landownership

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  1. Getting to grips with Landownership VCH Cumbria Meeting for volunteers, 14 Feb 2013

  2. Overlordship

  3. Landownership within baronies

  4. Inquisitions post mortem [IPMs]: Robert Clifford, 1314

  5. IPM Robert Clifford (2)

  6. IPM Margaret Dacre, 1362

  7. IPM Peter Tillioll, 1246 Manor of Scaleby • Demesne (233 acres arable land; 20 acres meadow; mill; capital messuage; pasture with vaccary) • Bondagium(31 bovates of land, held by 20 bondi) • Cottagers (6 cottagers holding 6 cottages & 14 acres land) • Free tenants (including: Udard de Etardebi holds Etardeby by service of 16s annually)

  8. Structure of a Manor • Demesnes (often leased from 14th cent) • Tenant land • Freehold • Customary (enfranchised 17th cent to 1925) • Leasehold

  9. Cumberland: demesnes 1688 1816

  10. ‘Customary tenantright’ • ‘at the will of the lord subject to the customs of the manor’ • ‘ancient yearly rent’ • tantamount to freehold • origins: probably originated in life leases granted for the life of lord or tenant • fine (or ‘gressum’) - not only on change of tenant but also on a change of lord • lords exploit fines to raise income

  11. Landed estates, 17th-20th cents • Processes • Demesnes/leasehold – limited base in Cumbria • Purchase of freehold/customary land • Impact of Parliamentary enclosure of commons • Motives: • High farming • Afforestation (private; Forestry Commission) • Institutional control (Manchester Corp.; National Trust; Ministry of Defence)

  12. 1910 Valuation Office Records – ‘Lloyd George Domesday’ • Provide a snapshot of landownership in early 20th century. • Landholdings marked on Ordnance Survey 1:2500 plans, working copies of which are in Cumbria Archive Centres • Key to landholding unit: ‘Domesday Books’ – again held by CAS • Detailed ‘field books’, with very full details of each property in The National Archives, Kew, IR58.

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