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Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives using Nitrogen Based Acidic Ionic Liquids

Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives using Nitrogen Based Acidic Ionic Liquids. John Keogh, Manish Tiwari and Haresh Manyar. This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB).

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Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives using Nitrogen Based Acidic Ionic Liquids

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  1. Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives using Nitrogen Based Acidic Ionic Liquids John Keogh, Manish Tiwari and Haresh Manyar This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  2. Introduction • What is glycerol, and where does it come from? • Why is it important to add value to waste glycerol? • The esterification of glycerol with acetic acid. • The use of acidic ionic liquids as catalysts for the reaction. This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  3. What is the problem? • It is important to find alternative and renewable sources of fuels and chemicals. • One potential source of this is biomass. This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  4. Bio-derived Transportation Fuels • 50% of globally produced crude petroleum is refined into transportation fuels. • Significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions. • Gradually replace petroleum-derived fuels. This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  5. Production of Biodiesel • Glycerol is a 10 wt% by-product of biodiesel production. • Important to find ways of valorization. This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  6. Glycerol Esterification with Acetic Acid This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  7. Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids • Advantages; • good thermal stability • ease of recycling • negligible vapour pressure • ease of handling • Ionic structures which are liquid at room temperature. • Gain functionality through covalently bonded sulfonic acid species (-SO3H) or Brønsted acidic counter anions (HSO4-, H2PO4-). This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  8. Typically used Acidic Ionic Liquids • Sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquids with a range of counter anions. • Multistep synthesis methods and use of expensive components limit their industrial use. Liu, X.; Ma, H.; Wu, Y.; Wang, C.; Yang, M.; Yan, P.; Welz-Biermann, U. Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid using double SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids as recoverable catalysts.

  9. Protic Ionic Liquids • Easily prepared protic ionic liquids. • Acidic hydrogens are present on both the cation and the anion. • Cations were based on alkylpyrrolidone and trialkylamine. This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  10. Characterisation of Ionic Liquids

  11. Comparison of the Catalytic Activity of Different Ionic Liquids This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  12. Process Optimization using Design of Experiments Approach • A central composite design was used in optimization. • The CCD is a full 2k factorial design involving 6 repeated central points, and axial points. This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  13. Process Optimization using Design of Experiments Approach (a) (b) (d) (c) Figure. (a) 3D response surface plot for the effect of catalyst loading and temperature on triacetin yield; 600 RPM stirrer speed, mole ratio of 10; (b) 3D response surface plot for the effect of catalyst loading and stirrer speed on triacetin yield; 70 °C and mole ratio of 10; (c) 3D response surface plot for the effect of temperature and stirrer speed on triacetin yield; 7 mol% catalyst loading, mole ratio of 10; (d) 3D response surface plot for the effect of temperature and mole ratio on triacetin yield; 7 mol% catalyst loading, 600 RPM stirrer speed. This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  14. Optimum Conditions Predicted – 42.69 % Actual – 42.3 % This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  15. Catalyst Reusability • Good catalyst recyclability • Glycerol conversion remained constant over 4 recycles This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  16. Summary • [H-NMP] is an active and cost effective catalyst. • Temperature, mole ratio of glycerol to acetic acid, and their interaction, were found to have the largest effect on selectivity. • A combined selectivity of greater than 95 %. • Good recyclability. This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

  17. Thank you for listening! This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)

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