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English-Colonial Relationships

Explore the complex relationships between England and the American colonies, marked by political squabbles, religious dissension, and mercantilism. Discover significant events like the Restoration of 1660, the Glorious Revolution, and examples of colonial resistance such as Bacon's Rebellion and Leisler's Revolt.

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English-Colonial Relationships

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  1. English-Colonial Relationships U.S. HISTORY

  2. Generalizations • Transatlantic governance is difficult, if not impossible • England faced with domestic issues • Religious Dissention • Political squabbles with Parliament • Restoration of 1660 (Charles II) • Glorious Revolution

  3. Generalizations (cont.) • American colonies had a tradition of self-rule • I.e.: Mayflower Compact (1620), Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and House of Burgesses (1619) Mayflower Compact, 1620

  4. Mercantilism (Favorable Balance of Trade) • Justification for policy • British industries were sunk in recession; need for new markets for goods • Attempts to wage trade war on European powers required economic expansion

  5. Attempts to Gain Control • Early attempts to regulate colonies were inefficient and ineffective • In 1696, King William III created the Board of Trade to control colonies • Dissolved colonial charters and laws • Nominated colonial governors (J. Andros) responsive to throne • Enforced Navigation Acts

  6. Mercantilism • Effects on colonies • Indebtedness • Shipbuilding boom • Colonial inflation • Bribery and corruption • Political protest Boston Harbor, late 1600’s

  7. Salutary Neglect Established • The death of Queen Anne (1714) led to succession of Hanoverian princes to English throne • Vast power was given to royal cabinet who had no interest in colonial affairs • First Minister Robert Walpole set forth policy of “wise and salutary neglect” of American colonies

  8. Example: Nathaniel Bacon • Depressed tobacco prices, rising taxes, and scores of newly freed servants desiring Indian lands led to tensions in Virginia • A small conflict developed between frontier planters and Doeg Indians; white man killed; frontier militias formed against Gov. Berkeley’s orders

  9. Bacon’s Rebellion • Nathaniel Bacon defied Berkeley’s orders and declared quasi-war on natives • After Indians were eliminated, Bacon turned force on Jamestown elite

  10. Bacon’s Rebellion • Berkeley was unable to provide strong resistance to Bacon’s force • Only Bacon’s death (of malaria) prevented overthrow of colonial government • In response, the King recalled Berkeley and appointed royal commission

  11. Example: Jacob Leisler • Upon hearing of Glorious Revolution, Jacob Leisler led a group of German immigrants in successful overthrow of NY governor appointed by the old Catholic king (James II) • Leisler held control of NY for over two years, until new governor was appointed

  12. Leisler’s Revolt • Leisler was found guilty of treason and hanged; acquitted 5 years later • Yet, “Leislerites” continued to control political atmosphere for decades

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