The Early Stages

1. The Early Stages 11-2

2. 1st Battle of Bull Run • North wants to quickly attack South • CSA has troops (PGT Beauregard) at Manassas Junction • Lincoln sends troops to attack (Irving McDowell)

3. 1st Battle of Bull Run • Initially, Union troops are winning. • As some Confederate troops retreat, others under Thomas Jackson hold. • Inspires other Conf. soldiers- (“There is Jackson standing like a stone wall. Rally around the Virginians.”)

4. 1st Battle of Bull Run • Conf. counterattack and force Union to retreat • As union troops fall back, they become mixed with civilians from D.C. that had come to watch the battle • Union retreat is a total panic • Both sides realize it will be a long war

5. Battle of Bull Run

6. The Blockade • Was increasingly effective as the war progressed • Conf used blockade runners to slip through and get supplies • Conf also used commerce raiders- functioned out of foreign ports and attacked Union Shipping

7. The Blockade • Most famous commerce raider was CSS Alabama • Captain was Raphael Semmes • Destroyed many Union ships • Finally sunk by USS Kearsarge off the coast of France

8. New Orleans • Union wanted to capture the lower Mississippi • Sent Union warships (David Farragut) into the mouth of the Mississippi River • Steamed up river, captured New Orleans on April 25, 1862

10. Hampton Roads • March 8&9, 1862 • Hampton Roads, VA. • New confederate ship comes out of port to break the blockade- CSS Virginia (Merrimack)

11. Hampton Roads • Virginiais an ironclad- has iron plates on its sides • Day one- sinks 2 Union ships • Day two, Virginia is met by a Union ironclad- USS Monitor • Battle all day to a draw

12. Hampton Roads • First battle between iron warships

13. Ft Henry & Ft Donelson • Union troops (Ulysses Grant) want to capture the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers • Capture Ft. Henry & Ft. Donelson- Gives US control of all KY & western TN

14. Shiloh • Grant heads up the Tennessee to attack Corinth, MS, and important rail line • April 6, 1862- Conf. attack Grant’s troops, pushing them back to the river • Grant’s commanders advise him to retreat • Grants refuses

15. Shiloh • Grant gets reinforcements and attacks the next day • Conf have to retreat • casualties: Union 13,000; Conf. 11,000 • Most costly battle in US History, at that time

17. Peninsular Campaign • Happening the same time as the struggle for Tennessee & Mississippi River • Lincoln sent Union Army of the Potomac (George McClellan) to capture Richmond • Transports army by boat and lands on peninsula south of Richmond

19. Peninsular Campaign • McClellan was cautious and slow • Gave Conf time to get reinforcements and dig in • Fight a series of small battles as Union moves toward Richmond • Conf general Joseph Johnston injured • New general is Robert E. Lee

20. Peninsular Campaign • Lee attacked McClellan • Union forced to retreat • Called Seven Days’ Battle • Lincoln orders troops to return to Washington

21. 2nd Battle of Bull Run • As McClellan prepares to return to Washington, Lee attacks Washington • Union troops (John Pope) come out to face Conf • Conf win again, force Pope to retreat

22. Antietam • After 2nd Bull Run, Lee invades North • Lee wants to : • Win European support • Turn Northern public opinion against the war • Feed off the crops of Northern farmers

23. Antietam • Lee entered Maryland and waited on McClelland near Sharpsburg, MD (near Antietam Creek) (McClelland knew his plan) • Union attacked on Sept 17, 1862

24. Antietam • Bloodiest single day in US history • 26,000 casualties (killed, wounded, missing) • Lee withdrew to VA

26. Antietam • Crucial victory for Union • GB wanted to recognize CSA and give them military aid • After Antietam, GB decides to wait and see

27. Emancipation Proclamation • Antietam convinces Lincoln it is time to end slavery • Emancipation Proclamation ended slavery in states at war with the US - Changed the Northern war goal from preserving the Union to freeing slaves