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Summary Detector Working group? EIC meeting, Hampton, May 2008

Summary Detector Working group? EIC meeting, Hampton, May 2008. E.C. Aschenauer E. Kinney B. Surrow. How should the detector look like. General requirements independent of EIC machine option cover a wide range in Q 2  detect scattered lepton ep and eA need good lepton-hadron separation

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Summary Detector Working group? EIC meeting, Hampton, May 2008

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  1. Summary Detector Working group? EIC meeting, Hampton, May 2008 E.C. Aschenauer E. Kinney B. Surrow

  2. How should the detector look like • General requirements independent of EIC machine option • cover a wide range in Q2  detect scattered lepton • ep and eA need good lepton-hadron separation • needed over a wide momentum range • Calorimetry gives in average • a factor 100 in lepton hadron • separation; problematic • at low momenta • need more PID detectors Hermes E.C. Aschenauer

  3. e Aerogel; n=1.03 C4F10; n=1.0014 What is the best Detector concept Cerenkov Radiation Energy loss dE/dx Match radiator and lepton p-range Too small p lever arm Transition Radiation: sensitive to particle g (g>1000) Talk by M. Hartig on the ALICE TRD project E.C. Aschenauer

  4. ALICE Experiment: PID Capabilities (relativistic rise) TPC: (dE/dx) = 5.5(pp) – 6.5(Pb-Pb) % TOF:  < 100 ps TRD:  suppression  10-2 @ 90% e-efficiency E.C. Aschenauer

  5. Transition Radiation Detector Schematic View • Radiator: • irregular structure • - Polypropylen fibers • - Rohacel foam (frame) • 4.8 cm thick • self supporting • Gas: • Xe/CO2 85/15 % • Drift region: • 3 cm length • 700 V/cm • 75 mm CuBe wires • Amplification region: • W-Au-platedwires 25 mm • gain ~ 10000 • Readout: • cathode pads • 8 mm (bending plane) • 70 mm in z/beam-direction • 10 MHz E.C. Aschenauer

  6. Transition Radiation Detector Design • Large area chambers (1-1,7 m²) -> need high rigidity • Low rad. length (15%Xo) -> low Z, low mass material E.C. Aschenauer

  7. Electron Identification Performance Result of Test Beam Data Typical signal of single particle LQ Method: Likelihood with total charge LQX Method: total charge + position of max. cluster PID with neural network • e/-discrimination< 10-2 • For 90% e-efficiency E.C. Aschenauer

  8. Offline Tracking Performance Efficiency and Resolution for Pb+Pb • Efficiency: • high software track-finding • efficiency • lower combined track efficiency • (geometrical acceptance, particle • decay ) • Efficiency independent of track • multiplicity dNch/dy = 6000 • Momentum resolution: • long lever arm ITS + TPC +TRD • (4cm <r<370cm) • resolution better for low • multiplicity (p+p) • pt/pt  5 % at 100 GeV/c and • B = 0.5 T E.C. Aschenauer

  9. How should the detector look like • General requirements independent of EIC machine option • cover a wide range in Q2  detect scattered lepton • ep and eA need good lepton-hadron separation • needed over a wide momentum range • ep and eA need hadron identification • wide momentum range  RICH ep: 1 < p < 10GeV q > 140o; eA:?? http://www.jlab.org/Hall-D/meetings/php2008/talks/dallatorre.rich.ppt E.C. Aschenauer

  10. THE FAMILY OF RICH COUNTERS With focalization • Extended radiator (gas) • the only approach at high momenta (p > 5-6 GeV/c) • EXAMPLES: SELEX, OMEGA, DELPHI, SLD-CRID, HeraB, HERMES, COMPASS, LHCb Proximity focusing • thin radiator (liquid, solid) • Effective • at low momenta (p < 5-6 GeV/c) • EXAMPLES: STAR, ALICE HMPID, HERMES, CLEO III DIRC • Quartz as radiator and as light guide • Effective at low momenta (p < 5-6 GeV/c) • The only existing DIRC was in operation at BABAR E.C. Aschenauer

  11. SINGLE PHOTON DETECTORS I single photon detectors : the CENTRAL QUESTION since the beginning of the RICH era 3 groups(with examples, not exhaustive lists) Vacuum based PDs • PMTS (SELEX, Hermes, BaBar DIRC) • MAPMTs (HeraB, COMPASS RICH-1 upgrade) • Flat pannels (various test beams, proposed for CBM) • Hybride PMTs (LHCb) • MCP-PMT (all the studies for the high time resolution applications) Gaseous PDs • Organic vapours - in practice only TMAE and TEA (Delphi, OMEGA, SLD CRID, CLEO III) • Solid photocathodes and open geometry (HADES, COMPASS, ALICE, JLAB-HALL A) • Solid photocathodes and closed geometries (FENIX HBD, even if w/o imaging) Si PDs • Silicon PMs (first tests only recently) E.C. Aschenauer

  12. SINGLE PHOTON DETECTORS II R&D: the requests: • QE: high QE (above standard PMT photocathodes having peak-values of 20-25 %) • r: rate capabilities (> 100 kHz/ mm2) • t: time resolution below 100 ps • B: insensitivity to high magnetic fields (B=1T and more) • $: reasonable costs to make large systems affordable • L: Large area and wide angular acceptance of each single sensor the approaches: • Poly- and nano-crystalline diamond-based photocathodes (QE) • Photocathodes based on C nanotubes (QE) • Hybrid avalanche photodiodes HAPD (B) • Si photomultipliers (QE,r,t,B) • Microchannel plate (MCP) PMTs (B,t) • MPGDs + CsI (r, B, $) • ARCALUX($) • Large, wide aperture (hybride) PMTs (L) promising for a far future astroparticle experiments E.C. Aschenauer

  13. Radiator materials aerogel material (BELLE upgrade, super B factory) radiation hardness of fused silica (future DIRCs in PANDA) gas systems (C-F gasses: DIRAC, LHCb) Mirrors & optics construction of light mirrors (LHCb) Mirror reflectivity (MAGIC) Mirror alignment monitoring (COMPASS, LHCb) Mirror alignment adjustment (COMPASS) (Dichroic) mirrors for focusing DIRC and TOP approaches Electronics Self-triggered read-out electronics (CBM) Fast electronics (COMPASS) Detector control (LHCb) Patter recognition and PID algorithms Making use of tracking information (ALICE, COMPASS, LHCb) w/o tracking information (HTA, ALICE) HL trigger capabilities (LHCb) calibration software (LHCb) for specific applications for the TOP concept for the focusing aerogel RICH TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS This is the RICH2007 shopping list; I copy it here to give a flavour about the effort for the technological complements of RICH detectors E.C. Aschenauer

  14. RADIATOR MATERIALS • the “low momentum” domain <10 GeV/c: Aerogel vs quartz • Aerogel • Separation up to higher momenta (but Rayleight, transmission …) • Lower density  smaller perturbation of particle trajectories, limited number of photons (variable index of refraction to partially overcome) • Progresses in aerogel production • Quartz • q saturation at lower momenta (but removing chromaticity…) • high density  large number of photons, trajectory perturbation • excellent transparency, excellent mechanical characteristics  detectors of the DIRC family • the “high momentum” domain > 10 GeV/c: gas radiators • low density gasses for the highest momenta or the best resolutions (NA62) • Still a major role played by C-F gasses; availability of C4F10 … • Gas systems for purity (transparency) and pressure control E.C. Aschenauer

  15. AEROGEL NEWS I News from NOVOSIBIRSK E. KRAVCHENKO @ RICH2007 PRODUCTION STATUS • ~2000 liters have been produced for KEDR ASHIPH detector, n=1.05 • 14 blocks 20020050 mm have been produced for LHCb RICH, n=1.03 • ~200 blocks 11511525 mm have been produced for AMS RICH, n=1.05 • n=1.13 aerogel for SND ASHIPH detector • n=1.008 aerogel for the DIRAC • 3-4 layers focusing aerogel High optical parameters (Lsc≥43mm at 400 nm) Precise dimensions (<0.2 mm) E.C. Aschenauer

  16. n = 1.045 prototype result with 3 GeV/c pions n = 1.050 2005 sample 160mm transmission length(400nm): 46mm n = 1.22 2001 sample n~1.050 60x35x10mm3 photon yield is not limited by radiator transparency up to ~50mm transmission length: 18mm at 400nm AEROGEL NEWS II News from JAPAN • 3rd generation:2002- A-RICH for Belle upgrade (new solvent) Home made ! largely improved transparency very good homogeneity both density and chemical comp. 2-layer samples • 4th generation: high density aerogel I. ADACHI @ RICH2007 E.C. Aschenauer

  17. Talks on general detector R&D • SiPMs • Talk by Stepan Stepanyan Hall B • Talk by Roman Poeschl on R&D activities in EUDET E.C. Aschenauer

  18. SiPMs • Hamamatsu MPPCs - low noise level and high gain, ~106 • High efficiency (~50%) at 500 nm (green WS fibers) • Small active area, 1x1 mm2, is not a problem for readout of 1mm diameter fiber E.C. Aschenauer

  19. 1 ADC ch = 5 fC 7p.e. 5p.e. 9p.e. 3p.e. 11p.e. ADC Pedestal 1p.e. Hamamatsu MPPC (SiPM) – S10362-11-100U E.C. Aschenauer

  20. ADC spectrum from G12 exp. @ Hall-B No selection cuts ~15p.e. Cut on the time difference with tagged photon E.C. Aschenauer

  21. Summery SiPM @ Hall B • Charged particle detector for the forward region of the CLAS was designed and built using 1cm thick, 3.8x3.8 cm2 scintillator plates (pixels) with embedded 1 mm diameter green WS fibers for light transport • As a photo detector, HAMAMATSU MPPC, S10362-11-100U, is used • Gain vs. Voltage for 100 MPPCs were measured, all 100 samples were within the manufacture’s specifications • Readout boards were made without pre-amps, external amplifiers, Philips 778, 16 channels amplifiers are used instead • From test measurements, 16 photo-electrons are expected for 2 MeV energy deposition for each fiber (MPPC) • Preliminary beam results show no change in the gain and efficiency of MPPC. But, some of them just quit! • During the summer gain characteristics of each MPPC will be studied in order to see effect of radiation damage, if any E.C. Aschenauer

  22. SiPMs @ Hall D • 3x3 mm2 A35H (3640 pixels, 60% fill) • Five 4x4 arrays (A35H)  first arrays ever • Detailed plan to improve performance ongoing E.C. Aschenauer

  23. @ Room Temperature 1 pe 2 pe 2.5 V 1.0 V 3 pe 4 pe 5 pe 3.5 V BCal readout: SiPM SiPMs @ Hall D • Final SiPM for BCal: • Size: 1.2 cm x 1.2 cm • PDE: > 12% • Dark rate: < 41MHz • Cross Talk: < 3% • Dynamic Range: 104 • Signal Width: < 80ns E.C. Aschenauer

  24. R&D @ EUDET E.C. Aschenauer

  25. R&D @ EUDET E.C. Aschenauer

  26. R&D @ EUDET E.C. Aschenauer

  27. R&D @ EUDET E.C. Aschenauer

  28. How should the detector look like • General requirements dependent on EIC machine option • very small angle lepton detectors • integration in machine lattice; technology? • very small angle proton / nucleus detectors for diffractive / exclusive physics • integration in machine lattice; technology • luminosity measurement ep: 1% systematic eA: ??? • integrate in beam lattice  background, acceptance • lepton and proton polarisation measurements ep: 1% systematic lepton: integration in machine lattice  background proton: impact on proton beam  emittance E.C. Aschenauer

  29. Important Items not yet covered • Magnetic field configuration • momentum / angular resolution: • ep: 1% Dp/p / ?? eA: ?? / ?? • could a dipol – solenoid option be used to do • separate e & p(A) beams • could it be used as a analyzer for exclusive/diffractive recoil particles • impact on ELIC design • crab crossing angle • Vertex tracker • resolution: • ep: 25mm (?) eA: ? E.C. Aschenauer

  30. How should the detector look like • Impact of ELIC design on detector design • design of L1-trigger for 1.5GHz repetition rate • Talks by Chris Cuevas and John Lajoie E.C. Aschenauer

  31. The RHIC Detectors STAR • Trigger L0,L1,L2 • Parallel pipeline architecture (L0 ~1.5ms) • Single pipeline (DSM “tree”) • ~1000 bytes into L0 per crossing • L0 a mix of LUT and FPGA logic • Supports “partitioned” running • Global supervisor (TSU) • ~100 Hz DAQ rate (1kHz DAQ1000) • Trigger L1, L2 • Parallel pipeline architecture (L1 ~4ms) • L1 pipeline for each trigger system • ~5200 bytes into L1 per crossing • L1 almost entirely FPGA Logic • Supports “partitioned” running • Global supervisor (GL1) • 6kHz DAQ rate (8-10 kHz in future) E.C. Aschenauer

  32. Summary from RHIC Trigger experience • Plan on things changing • They will, multiple times, and in ways you don’t expect • Design the trigger system to be as insensitive to beam conditions as possible. • Plan this from the beginning • Keep the trigger electronics out of the IR • SEU’s significant at high luminosities • Can be mitigated if necessary, but complicated • 2ns (500 Mhz) is fast! • Not clear (at least to me) that future advances in FPGA logic will push in our direction as fast as we would like. • R&D may be needed, ASICS are expensive… Progress in chips: Xilinx Virtex-5 (2007) – 550 Mhz Xilinx Virtex-4 (2004) – 500 Mhz Altera Stratix IV – 533 Mhz E.C. Aschenauer

  33. Hall D @ JLab • Situation: • every 2ns an electron bunch  500MHz • 108 photons/s • Rate Requirements: • after level 1: < 200kHz • after level 3: < 20kHz to tape (eventsize: 15kB) & ~300MHz EM-background Need fully pipelined and very fast readout electronics E.C. Aschenauer

  34. Level 1 Trigger – Dataflow View -Fiber links- 12 Crates CTP BCAL SUM SSP ENERGY SUM (8 INPUTS) GTP Select FCAL Energy, BCAL Energy, Photon Energy, AND Hit Counts <,>,= TRIGGER SUPERVISOR ----------------- CLOCK TRIGGER SYNC ROC CONTROL FADC -VXS- -Fiber links- 12 Crates CTP FCAL SUM SSP ENERGY SUM (8 INPUTS) -VXS- FADC -Fiber link- 1 Crates START COUNTER HIT COUNT SSP HIT COUNT (8 INPUTS) FADC -VXS- -Fiber links- 2 Crates TOF HIT COUNT SSP HIT COUNT (8 INPUTS) FADC -VXS- -Fiber links- 2 Crates * Longest Link * TAGGER ENERGY SSP PHOTON E (8 INPUTS) FADC -VXS- Signal distribution to Front End Crates (Fiber Links) ‘Trigger Supervisor’ ‘SubSystem’ ‘Global’ ‘Crate’ Hall D @ JLab E.C. Aschenauer

  35. How should the detector look like • Impact of ELIC design on detector design • design of L1-trigger for 1.5GHz repetition rate • Talks by Chris Cuevas and John Lajoie • need numbers on reachable IP vacuum for ELIC • to calculate as soon as possible hadronic background and occupancy • all detectors have to be extremely fast • conventional wire chambers excluded • Cerenkov to trigger on scattered electron – maybe • proton & lepton forward detectors can they work??? • high occupancy due to beam gas events • fine segmentation  detector cost • pumps in IR  acceptance • lepton and hadron polarimeters • how can we measure bunch polarizations @ 1.5GHz • need to sort out polarization bunch pattern E.C. Aschenauer

  36. Summary & Outlook • Very interesting talks during the subgroup meeting   • Need to address the important questions soon • Magnetic field, ....... • Should go for a an easy to use detector simulation • maybe a full blown Geant4 is a bit early • interesting talk from Mark Ito on parametric MC options • More regular contact between working groups would be helpful E.C. Aschenauer

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