The Cold War

1. 50 Years of “Not-Fighting” The Cold War

2. “It was a Cold War of words -- a time when nations were rallied by stirring speeches and trembled by ominous warnings.”

3. Billy Joel condenses the Cold War in under five minutes “We Didn’t Start the Fire”

4. “We Didn’t Start the Fire” • Joel explained that he wrote this song due to his interest in history. He commented that he would have wanted to be a history teacher had he not become a rock and roll singer.

5. 1949 • Harry S. Truman • Doris Day • Red China • Johnny Ray • South Pacific • Walter Winchell • Joe Dimaggio

6. 1950 • Joe McCarthy • Richard Nixon • Studebaker • Television • North Korea • South Korea • Marilyn Monroe

7. 1951 • Rosenburg • H-Bomb • Sugar Ray • Panmunjom • Brando • The King and I • The Catcher in the Rye

8. 1952 • Eisenhower • Vaccine • England’s got a new Queen • Marciano • Liberace • Santayana good-bye

9. Chorus • We didn't start the fire  It was always burning,  Since the world's been turning.  We didn't start the fire  Well we didn't light it,  But we tried to fight it.

10. 1953 • Joseph Stalin • Malenkov • Nasser • Prokofiev • Rockefeller • Campanella • Communist Bloc

11. 1954 • Roy Cohn • Juan Peron • Tosconini • Dacron • Dien Ben Phu falls • Rock Around the Clock

12. 1955 • Einstein • James Dean • Brooklyn’s got a winning team • Davy Crockett • Peter Pan • Elvis Presley • Disneyland

13. 1956 • Bardot • Budapest • Alabama • Kruschehev • Princess Grace • Peyton’s Place • Trouble in the Suez

14. Chorus • We didn't start the fire  It was always burning,  Since the world's been turning.  We didn't start the fire  Well we didn't light it,  But we tried to fight it.

15. 1957 • Little Rock • Pasternok • Mickey Mantle • Kerouac • Sputnik • Chou En-Lai • Bridge on the River Kwai

16. 1958 • Lebanon • Charles de Gaulle • California Baseball • Starkweather Homicide • Children of the Thalidomide

17. 1959 • Buddy Holly • Ben Hur • Space Monkeys • Mafia • Hula Hoops • Castro • Edsel is a no go

18. 1960 • U-2 • Syngman Rhee • Payola • Kennedy • Chubby Checker • Psycho • Belgians in Congo

19. Chorus • We didn't start the fire  It was always burning,  Since the world's been turning.  We didn't start the fire  Well we didn't light it,  But we tried to fight it.

20. 1961 • Hemingway • Eichmann • Stranger in a Strange Land • Dylan • Berlin • Bay of Pigs Invasion

21. 1962 • Lawrence of Arabia • British Beatlemania • Ole Miss • John Glenn • Liston beats Patterson

22. 1963 • Pope Paul • Malcolm X • British Politician Sex • JFK blown away

23. Chorus • We didn't start the fire  It was always burning,  Since the world's been turning.  We didn't start the fire  Well we didn't light it,  But we tried to fight it.

24. Birth Control Ho Chi-Minh Richard Nixon back again Moonshot Woodstock Watergate Punk Rock Begin Reagan Palestine Terror on the airlines Ayatollahs in Iran Russians in Afghanistan Wheel of Fortune Sally Ride Heavy Metal Suicide Foreign debt Homeless vets AIDS Crack Bernie Goetz Hypodermics on the shore China’s under Martial Law Rock and Roller Cola Wars 1964-1989

27. The Real History

28. The Cold War 1945-1991

29. Cold War Origins Truman v Stalin The Cold War was an economic, political, technological, scientific, and military confrontation and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. USA USSR

30. Capitalism and Democracy • Capitalism: An economic system in which money is invested with the goal of making profit. • Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations - 1776 • Free-market Capitalism • Laissez-faire – gov’t hands-off • Democracy: Government system in which the ultimate power rests with the people.

31. Communism • An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the government, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally. • Eventually a complete form of Socialism would arise • No private property • A classless society

32. Remaining Communist Countries

33. Yalta Conference • USSR, U.S., Britain & France would each occupy a part of Germany but would allow for German reunification once she was no longer a threat. • Soviets dominated their Eastern German zone - Germany was to pay heavy reparations to USSR in form of agricultural and industrial goods.

34. Division of Germany • The U.S., Great Britain, and France decided to merge their zones and allow the Germans to have their own govt. • West Berlin was also merged and became part of West Germany. • The Soviets still controlled what became known as East Germany.

35. Choosing Sides • By 1948, pro-Soviet governments were set in Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. • These countries were called satellite nations.

36. “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.” ~Winston Churchill

37. Containment and the Long Telegram • The U.S. ambassador in Moscow, George Kennan, analyzed the situation: if the U.S. could prevent the Soviets from expanding, their system would eventually fall apart. • He described this idea in what became known as the Long Telegram • “containment policy”: keep communism from spreading by diplomatic, economic, and military force.

38. Truman Doctrine Remember Greasy Turkey In August of 1946, the Soviets were trying to establish communist governments in Greece and Turkey. Truman asked congress for $400 million to help fight communist aggressions via military and economic aid. In the long run, it pledged the U.S. to fight communism worldwide.

39. Marshall Plan • 1947: Massive aid package to help war-torn Europe recover from the war • Purpose: prevent communism from spreading into economically devastated regions • Result: Western and Central Europe recovered economically -- the "economic miracle" • Soviets refused to allow U.S. aid to countries in eastern Europe

41. The Berlin Airlift • In June of 1948, the Soviets closed all access to W. Berlin. For the next 11 months, Truman sent cargo planes to drop food, supplies, medicine, etc. Stalin lifted the blockade in May of 1949.

43. NATO In April of 1949, the U.S. formed a military alliance with W. Europe: North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO members agreed to aid any member that was attacked. This organization originally had 12 countries. Today NATO has 26 members, with the goal of protecting democracy.

44. The Eastern Bloc Changes went forward at slow & uneven pace; came to almost a halt by the mid-1960s. Five-year plans in USSR reintroduced to tackle massive economic reconstruction. Stalin’s new foe, the U.S., provided an excuse for re-establishing harsh dictatorship. Stalin revived many forced labor camps, which had accounted for roughly 1/6 of all new construction in Soviet Union before the war. Culture and art were also purged.

45. Warsaw Pact • Warsaw Pact: A mutual defense treaty between eight communist states of Central and Eastern Europe; created to counter NATO. • The Warsaw Treaty’s organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the multi-national armed forces.

46. The Nuclear Arms Race Back to the Bomb

47. The Arms Race: Beginnings • Nuclear arms race: A competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. • In the years immediately after World War II, the United States had a monopoly on nuclear weaponry. American leaders this would be enough to draw concessions from the Soviet Union but this proved ineffective. • The first Soviet bomb was detonated on August 29, 1949, shocking the entire world. The bomb, named "Joe One" by the West, was more or less a copy of "Fat Man".

48. The Arms Race: Politics • Brinkmanship: Willing to go to the brink of nuclear war to maintain peace. • U.S. vows to destroy USSR with nuclear weapons if it tries to expand. • U.S. maintained a policy of "massive retaliation" between 1953-55. This resulted in a cut in military spending and an increase in America’s nuclear arsenal. • Mutually assured destruction: Both sides knew that any attack upon the other would be devastating to themselves, thus in theory restraining them from attacking the other.

49. The Arms Race: Technology • The B-52 bomber could fly across continents and drop nuclear bombs anywhere in the world. • Submarines capable of launching nuclear missiles were also created. • ICBMs: Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles – allowed for nuclear bombs to be delivered without threat to human life • H-Bomb – “Ivy Mike” was detonated by the United States on November 1, 1952 • It created a cloud 100 miles wide and 25 miles high, killing all life on the surrounding islands.

50. How big are today’s nuclear bombs?