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Cardiovascular System

Anatomy and Physiology Basics. Cardiovascular System. CARDI (CARDI/O) =. HEART. In earlier sessions you learned that the word element “ cardi ” always refers to the heart. Knowledge Check: Word Building. Which word elements add up to mean, “pertaining to the heart”?.

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Anatomy and Physiology Basics Cardiovascular System

  2. CARDI (CARDI/O) = HEART In earlier sessions you learned that the word element “cardi” always refers to the heart.

  3. Knowledge Check: Word Building

  4. Which word elements add up to mean, “pertaining to the heart”? • –ar, coron/o, arteri/o • -ac, cardi/o • -ic, cardi/o, vascul/o

  5. Which word elements add up to mean, “pertaining to the blood vessels of the heart”? • –ar, coron/o, arteri/o • -ar, cardi/o, vascul/o • -ic, cardi/o, vascul/o

  6. Which word elements add up to mean, “one who studies/specializes in the heart and its disorders”? • –ar, coron/o, -logist • -logist, coron/o • -logist, cardi/o

  7. Which word elements add up to mean, “pertaining to the heart muscle”? • –al, cardi/o, my/o • -ar, cardi/o, my/o • -al, coron/o, myos

  8. Which word elements add up to mean, “inflammation within the heart”? • –osis, cardi/o, inter • -itis, endo-, cardi/o • -itis, intra, cardi/o

  9. Which word elements add up to mean, “disease of the heart muscle”? • –osis, cardi/o, my/o • -ary, coron/o, arteri/o • -pathy, cardi/o, my/o

  10. Which word elements add up to mean, “a condition of rapid heart action”? • –osis, cardi/o, tachy- • Tachy-, cardi/o, -ia • -coron/o, tachy-

  11. Cardiovascular System

  12. Overview of Heart’s primary job • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000012.htm

  13. What is the heart? The heart is a muscle made up of specialized cells and tissues. It functions like two: PUMPS working at the same time to move blood to the entire body.

  14. What is the heart? On the inside are four chambers (small compartments): the two chambers on the top are called atria, and the two chambers on the bottom are called ventricles.

  15. What is the heart? Atria are receiving chambers; that is, they receive blood from other parts of the body.

  16. What is the heart? The ventricles, in turn, receive blood from the atria and then pump the blood out of the heart through the blood vessels.

  17. What is the heart? The heart also has four valves (similar to doors) that open and close to allow blood to flow properly through the heart’s chambers.

  18. What is the heart? Connected to the heart are a number of blood vessels (smooth tubes) which carry blood to and from the heart.

  19. What is the heart? • Blood vessels comprise the vascular system that is associated with the heart. That is why it is referred to as the Cardiovascular system.

  20. Answer the following questions: (1) What comprises the cardiovascular system? • Heart and lungs • Heart and blood vessels • Heart and brain

  21. Answer the following questions: (2) What are the receiving chambers of the heart called? • Ventricles • Blood vessels • Atria

  22. Answer the following questions: (2) What are the pumping chambers of the heart called? • Ventricles • Blood vessels • Atria

  23. Answer the following questions: (2) What keeps blood flowing in the correct direction within the heart? • Ventricles • Blood vessels • Valves

  24. Answer the following questions: (2) What does “vascular” refer to? • Ventricles • Blood vessels • Atria

  25. How does the heart really work? The heart’s primary job is to get Oxygen-rich blood to the brain and all other vital organs and tissues in order for the whole body to survive and thrive.

  26. How does the heart really work? The heart pumps two kinds of blood: • Oxygen-rich blood (oxygenated) -and- • Oxygen-poor blood (deoxygenated)

  27. How does the heart really work? Oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the brain and body’s organs and tissues. This is called: systemic circulation

  28. How does the heart really work? Oxygen-poor blood is pumped to the lungs to pick up more oxygen. This kind of circulation is called: pulmonary circulation

  29. How does the heart really work? Once the blood has picked up more oxygen from the lungs, it returns to the heart to be pumped to the brain and organs and tissues throughout the body.

  30. How does the heart really work? Together, systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation comprise the complete cardiac cycle. Watch this short video: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000067.htm

  31. How does the heart really work? The heart is able to sustain this activity because it has an electrical system that triggers the pumping action.

  32. Electrical Activity of the Heart • Watch this short video: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000021.htm

  33. How does the heart really work? The heart’s chambers alternate between the contracting/pumping phase—systole—and the relaxation/refilling phase—diastole.

  34. Answer the following questions: (2) What is the heart’s primary job or function? • Attach to the blood vessels • Pump oxygen-rich blood to the brain and organs of the body • Refill after rest

  35. Answer the following questions: (2) What is it called when the blood is pumped to the brain and body’s organs and tissues? • Systemic circulation • Pulmonary circulation • systole

  36. Answer the following questions: (2) What is it called when the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen? • Systemic circulation • Pulmonary circulation • diastole

  37. Answer the following questions: (2) What is systole ? • Relaxation/refilling phase of a cardiac cycle • Pumping/contracting phase of a cardiac cycle • Blood pressure

  38. Answer the following questions: (2) What is diastole? • Relaxation/refilling phase of a cardiac cycle • Pumping/contracting phase of a cardiac cycle • Blood pressure

  39. Pathological Conditions Cardiovascular System

  40. Things can go wrong. . . There are many things that can go wrong with the heart and blood vessels.

  41. Pathological Conditions of the Heart CoronaryArteryDisease(CAD) is the narrowing of the coronary arteries to the extent that blood supply to the heart muscle is moderately to severely limited or blocked.

  42. Watch this video on Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quoR8YPnYy4&feature=channel

  43. Terms to know: • Infarct: (noun) A small localized area of dead tissue resulting from failure of blood supply. • Infarction: (noun) The formation of an infarct • Ischemia: (noun) An inadequate blood supply to a part of the body, especially the heart muscles.

  44. Pathological Conditions of the Heart ANGINA PECTORIS MYCARDIAL INFARCTION Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a full-blown heart attack. The symptoms are similar to Angina Pectoris. However, rest does not solve the problem. The artery is completely blocked and the heart muscle begins to starve for oxygen and die. Angina Pectoris is severe pain around the heart. This pain is due to lack of blood/oxygen supply to the heart muscle. With rest and reduced activity, the pain will go away within 5-15 minutes.

  45. Myocardial Infarction

  46. Pathological Conditionsof the Blood Vessels Aneurysm (pronounced: AN-yoo-rizm) is a localized sac-like bulge in the wall of an artery. It usually forms at a weak point in the arterial wall. It can rupture and lead to serious internal bleeding.

  47. Pathological Conditionsof the Blood Vessels Arteriosclerosis (also called Atherosclerosis) Watch the short video: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000006.htm

  48. Pathological Conditionsof the Blood Vessels Hypertensionis a condition in which the patient has a higher blood pressure than normal (exceeds 140/90 mmHg).

  49. Blood Pressure • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm

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