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Understanding DNA Replication: Process and Significance

DNA replication is a fundamental process where a new DNA strand is synthesized based on a template strand in a specific direction. RNA primers initiate new strands, and parent strands dictate leading and lagging strands. Okazaki fragments are produced on the lagging strand, later joined by DNA ligase. Mutations can occur via changes in base sequences.

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Understanding DNA Replication: Process and Significance

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  1. DNA Replication

  2. DNA template with synthesis of a new strand in the 5' to 3' direction. • The 5' triphosphate can only be added to a free 3'OH of deoxyribose. • The two antiparallel strands are replicated simultaneously in both directions. • RNA primers are used to initiate a new strand • The parent strand at the 3' end of the template determines the daughter or leading strand in continuous replication. • The parent strand at the 5' end of the template produces the lagging strand as short pieces of DNA (100-200 nucleotides in eukaryotes and longer in prokaryotes). • The lagging strand fragments are called Okazaki fragments after their discoverer, Reiji Okazaki. • The RNA primers are removed and the fragments are joined by DNA ligase.

  3. Direction of replication

  4. The replication fork 

  5. Conclusions • DNA structure predicts that base sequence determines replication of DNA • If the sequence contains information, then the bases A,T,G, and C must somehow determine aminoacid sequences in proteins. • Mutations in DNA are caused by changes in base sequences.

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