The Civil War and Reconstruction

1. The Civil War and Reconstruction Chapter 12

2. Do NOW • In 1800s, America, the southern states tended to support slavery, while the northern ones didn’t. Why do you think this is? Turn in last Thursday’s exit ticket if you haven’t already

3. Quiz-on Vocab Charts-Thursday • Secede • Missouri Compromise • Compromise of 1850 • Kansas-Nebraska Act • Dred Scott Decision • Nullify • Civil War

4. New Policy on Exit Tickets • You may choose to not use notes and textbook reading for the chance to get a 4. • You may choose to use notes and textbook reading to help you, but the max grade you can earn is a 2.5. • Before you start your exit ticket, let me know and we will discuss which one to choose

5. Short-term Assessment: 1-paragraph • What issues led to the Civil War? What happened after the Civil War in the South? • Use vocabulary and events from today’s notes and reading • Check spelling and grammar • Reread your response after writing it

6. Lesson Activities • 1. Do-Now • 2. Lecture Notes • 3. Brainpop • 4. Textbook work • 5. Short Term Assessment: 1-paragraph essay

7. Standard & Objective • Standard 11.1.4: Students examine the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction and of the industrial revolution, including demographic shifts and the emergence in the late nineteenth century of the United States as a world power. • Objective: Write a one-paragraph analyzing the causes and effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction.

8. Review: American Government

9. The Missouri Compromise (1820) • ISSUE: An attempt to maintain the balance in the Senate between slave and free states. In a compromise worked out by Senator Henry Clay, Maine entered the Union as a free state while Missouri came in as a slave state. • OUTCOME: Slavery north of latitude 36°30° was prohibited. War was averted for 40 years and thus for a later generation to fight, but the damage to American nationalism helped to erode the so-called Good Feeling Era.

10. Map: Missouri Compromise of 1820

11. The Compromise of 1850 • ISSUE: Crisis might have not occurred, if say coal and gold had not been found in California. By 1850, over 100,000 settlers had poured into California, and it was not long before they asked that California be admitted into the Union as a free state. President Taylor supported California’s admission, but the South threatened to pull their states out of the Union. • OUTCOME: Eventually signed the compromise including the following features: • California would enter the Union has a free state • The more stringent Fugitive State Law of 1850 had guarantees that the law would be rigidly enforced • The slave trade, but not the ownership of slaves, was banned in Washington D.C.

12. Map: Compromise of 1850

13. The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • ISSUE: Senator Douglas favored the passage of a bill lawwould route a major railroad line through Illinois. Even though this would stimulate the further settlement of the West, not everyone was convinced that the plan had merit. • In order to get the bill passed, Douglas sought out Southern allies in Congress, and a deal was struck. Little did they know that their compromise, the Act, would touch off sectional hostilities: • The Nebraska Territory would be divided into the Kansas and Nebraska territories • Settlers in those areas would determine the status of slavery by voting-popular sovereignty • OUTCOME: Northerners were outraged  both territories were located north of 36°30° line, which the Missouri Compromise had closed to slavery Northerners and Westerns began forming a political party that they hoped would take a stronger stand against the south’s “slavocracy” Republican party was born.

14. Map: Results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

15. Causes of the Civil War Main Points: • Nullify • State’s Rights vs. Federal Authority • The Dred Scott Decision

16. Nullification Crisis ISSUE: In 1832 South Carolina moved to nullify, or declare illegal, tariff laws passed by Congress in 1828 and 1832. South Carolina threatened to secede if the tariffs were enforced. Vice President John C. Calhoun, from South Carolina, developed a nullification theory. He said that a state had the right to nullify or cancel a federal law within its borders and to withdraw from the Union if it were not allowed to nullify a federal law. OUTCOME: Congress lowered tariffs, avoiding confrontation.

17. The Dred Scott decision (1857) • The U.S. Supreme Court did not play a significant role in the conflict over slavery until Dred Scott compelled it to act. • ISSUE: Scott was a slave who had been taken from Missouri, a slave state, to Wisconsin, a free territory, by his owner. He resided there for 2 years, until he was returned to Missouri. Scott sued for his freedom, contending his residence in a free state made him a free citizen. • Chief Justice Taney, a pro-southern Democrat, wrote the Court’s ruling went well beyond the underlying principle of the case. Prediction: What do you think Justice Taney’s ruling is going to be? In favor or against Scott?

18. Chief Justice Taney’s Ruling • Because Congress did not have the power to deny a citizen the right to his or her property without due process-and Scott, as a slave, was considered property-Congress could not prevent a slaveholder from taking his property to a free state. Thus the Missouri Compromise was invalid. There were now no limits to the potential expansion of slavery. Not satisfied with this decision, the court went further. • The Constitution had not provided citizenship rights for blackssince they were considered property

19. OUTCOME South North Outraged. To more and more, the Republican party seemed to represent their views best: Free-Soilers Northern capitalists Social reformers Abolitionists Northern Democrats who felt betrayed by their party’s support of the Kansas-Nebraska Act Members of the Whig party who sought the containment of slavery Various labor groups in the North • Overjoyed with the Supreme Court’s ruling • Democrat party became supreme • Democrat James Buchanan, defeated the first Republican candidate in the 1856 election.

20. Civil War Main Points • The Right to Secede • State’s Rights vs. Federal Authority

21. What do you know about the Civil War?

22. Summary of Civil War:Directions: Using the document, identify the following categories: • Who: • What: • Where: • When: • Why: • How:

23. The Civil War (1861-1865) ISSUE: After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, South Carolina was the first state to secede from Union. The North did not want to allow slavery in the United States and the South did. Lincoln supported the North’s position. SECESSION: The Southern states wanted to remove themselves from the Union (United States) because of this. Most Southerners saw the conflict over slavery as a struggle between the states’ rights of self-determination and federal control. The Confederacy declared that states’ rights took precedence over the Union, the Constitution, and federal laws. OUTCOME: War began. The Union victory four years later led to the abolition of slavery and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union.

24. The Civil War- Effects Main Points • The rapid growth of industry in the north • The south’s economy

25. The Civil War - EFFECTS The Civil War destroyed the South’s economy. Because the war was fought mostly in the South, its bridges, roads, and farmlands were destroyed. Property values declined, personal and government debts increased, and the population suffered devastating losses.

26. Reconstruction Main Points • Reconstruction • Freedmen • Sharecropping • Literacy Tests, Poll Taxes, Grandfather Clauses • Jim Crow Laws

27. Reconstruction • Reconstruction addressed how the eleven Southern states would re-create self-governments and become part of Congress again. • Most importantly, the question of should freedman or former slaves be given the right to vote was addressed. • Southern states restricted African-American voting rights through literacy tests and poll taxes, allowing many poor illiterate whites to vote but discriminated against African Americans. • The Supreme Court ruled that these laws did not refer specifically to race and so did not violate the 15th Amendment. • Jim Crow laws established segregation. In Plessyv. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court said that “separate but equal” facilities did not violate the 14th Amendment.

28. 1865 • Abolished slavery throughout the United States 13th Amendment- COPY IT!

29. 1868 • Gave all citizens equal protection under the law • Gave citizenship to those born or naturalized in the country 14th Amendment- COPY IT!

30. 1870 • No one may be prevented from voting due to “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” • Resulted in literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses to limit voting rights of African Americans 15th Amendment- COPY IT!

31. Independent Activity: Inquiry-Based Reading • Chapter 12 Section 1: Government by the States- Pg. 424 • Chapter 12 Section 2: Government by the States- Pg. 430

32. Short-term Assessment: 1-paragraph • What issues led to the Civil War? What happened after the Civil War in the South? • Use vocabulary and events from today’s notes and reading • Check spelling and grammar • Reread your response after writing it