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Dale Bradshaw CEO Electrivation dtbradshaw@electrivation 423-238-4052

Dale Bradshaw CEO Electrivation dtbradshaw@electrivation.com 423-238-4052. Energy Storage, The Key Enabler for the Future Smarter Grid. Why is Energy Storage Critical to Improving Affordability and Reliability. Shift wind and solar to meet the peak and make wind and solar dispatchable.

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Dale Bradshaw CEO Electrivation dtbradshaw@electrivation 423-238-4052

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  1. Dale Bradshaw CEO Electrivation dtbradshaw@electrivation.com 423-238-4052 Energy Storage, The Key Enabler for the Future Smarter Grid

  2. Why is Energy Storage Critical to Improving Affordability and Reliability Shift wind and solar to meet the peak and make wind and solar dispatchable. Provide demand reduction or avoid need for new capacity Buy low cost electricity at night and run during high cost daily peaks Provide for fast (<4 cycle) backup power for hours to improve system reliability Delay or avoid the need to build new transmission or distribution lines in high cost areas Provide frequency regulation and spinning reserve Reduce carbon emissions Reduce consumption of oil and natural gas

  3. Typical Wind Farm Output Pattern Month Hour

  4. Battery Energy Storage SystemsHistory Review Golden Valley Electric Association NiCad – 27 MW BESS for 15 minutes for reliability improvement (3 to 82 outages covered each year)

  5. Advanced Battery Breakthroughs Long Life (defined by number of charge and discharge cycles is needed) Cycle lifetime of 5,000 to 10,000 cycle is now possible Charging and discharging daily implies 300 or more cycles a year, 9,000 cycles in 30 years Costs have decreased by 30% to 50% $2,000/kW now for 7 hours of storage instead of $3,500/kW Large battery complexes are being built in >1 Mw sizes Acceptable efficiency of 70% or more

  6. Lithium Ion (Li-ion) Battery Attributes AltairNano Li Ti 1 MW for 15 minutes at 750 to 1050 V

  7. Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB) Attributes-Prudent Energy

  8. NAS battery Attributes and RatingsS&C Electric and NGK

  9. Sodium Sulfur (NAS) Construction Cells Modules

  10. ZnBr Battery AttributesPremium Power Corporation & ZBB

  11. Basic Zinc-Flow Technology (Plating and de-plating of Zinc)

  12. Zinc-Flow Battery Tower Module

  13. Premium Power Corporation TransFlow 2050-7Zinc Bromide battery on a trailer 500 kW, 7.4 hours and 3.8 MW-Hr & ~$1 million

  14. Why Interest in the Premium Power Corporation Zinc Bromide Battery? Lifetime of more than 10,000 cycles of deep charge and discharge Lowest cost battery of all the advanced options based on CRN due diligence report Potentially very low environmental impacts PPC ZnBr is UL, FCC, and NFPA certified PPC has recently completed the production of its first TransFlow 2050-5 (500 kW, 2.8 MWh, 5.6 hours) PPC has production capacity to meet the needs of the participating co-ops in this proposal. The PPC ZnBr batteries are made in the U.S. PPC is well capitalized. PPC ZnBr has the potential for fast frequency regulation and nearly unlimited cycle life.

  15. NRECA CRN projects Confirmed addition of a TF-2050-7 for Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA) in Kotzebue Alaska to provide: Time shift wind to daily peak Frequency regulation and spinning reserve Arbitrage Reduce diesel generator start-ups and O&M Emergency back-up Blackstart Improved fossil plant efficiency Other possible future projects in Kauai, South Carolina, and Floriday

  16. Possible Value Streams for Energy Storage(Potential Net Present Values) Capacity credit or demand charge reduction ($500/kW to $2500/kW) Arbitrage value (Buy low and sell high ranging from $900/kW to $1500/kW) Firming and Shifting Renewables (wind and solar) Improved thermal plant efficiency Reduce CO2 emissions from thermal plants Improve Thermal Plant Reliability T&D capital asset deferral ($200/kW to $1300/kW) Avoid or delay need for second transformer or transformer bank Reduced congestion and line losses Frequency regulation ($1600/kW to $4000/kW) Dynamic VAr Support ($100/kW) Improved service reliability

  17. Range of Values for 6 hours of Energy Storage assuming 2% real discount ratelow gas of $3/MBtu, wind energy off-peak, 70% gas on peak, etc. ZnBr price for 7.4 hours is about $2500/kW installed

  18. Future Trends with Advanced Batteries Costs in $/kW-hr will drop (mass production) as the value for installing batteries will increase (increased costs for natural gas and oil, for carbon emissions, new capacity, etc.) Commercial feasibility of advanced batteries will be established in 2010 with large orders possible by 2011 Example of expansion (PPC ZnBr batteries): 100 MW-hr capacity in 2008 400 MW-hr capacity in 2009 1500 MW-hr to 4000 MW-hr in 2010 G&T’s with distribution coops should examine/evaluate where application of advanced batteries can add value and reduce cost of electricity and rates. Advanced batteries compete with CAES when natural gas price exceeds $8/MBtu with CAES at $1,000/kW or $3/MBtu at $2,000/kW assuming no carbon tax. Currently significant uncertainty in CAES capital cost and natural gas prices

  19. Residential Scale via RedFlow’s ZnBr at 5 and 10 kW

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