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BMR and Metabolism

BMR and Metabolism. What is METABOLISM?. Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical processes that occurs in organisms.

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BMR and Metabolism

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  1. BMR and Metabolism

  2. What is METABOLISM? • Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical processes that occurs in organisms. • This includes not only how quickly you digest your food, but a whole collection of processes in your body such as building muscle, breaking down glucose into usable energy, formation of lipids from fatty acids.

  3. Two Types of Metabolism • Catabolism - the metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, often resulting in a release of energy. Ex: glucose for energy, burning fat, breaking down tissue (aging) Glycogen glucose + energy ATP ADP + P (releasing energy)

  4. Anabolism - the phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized or built up into the more complex materials of living tissue Ex: formation of protein from amino acids, storing energy, building muscle or tissue • Glucose + energy glycogen (ATP)

  5. How Does It Work? • Metabolism is a constant process • When people eat they take in energy (in the form of sugar), along with other vital cell-building chemicals. • The body breaks the sugar down so that the energy released can be distributed to and used as fuel by the body's cells.

  6. How Does It Work? • After food is eaten, enzymes break proteins down into amino acids, fats into fatty acids, and carbohydrates into simple sugars (e.g., glucose). • Amino acids and fatty acids can also be used as energy sources • The compounds are absorbed into the blood, which transports them to the cells.

  7. How Does It Work? • After they enter the cells, other enzymes act to speed up or regulate the chemical reactions involved with "metabolizing" these compounds. • The energy from these compounds can be released for use by the body or stored in body tissues, especially the liver, muscles, and body fat.

  8. How Does It Work? • Metabolism involves two kinds of activities that go on at the same time - the building up of body tissues and for energy and the breaking down of body tissues to generate more fuel for body functions.

  9. What is BMR? • BMR stands for Basal Metabolic Rate • BMR is a measure of the rate at which a person's body "burns" energy, in the form of calories, while at rest. • BMR can play a role in weight gain.

  10. What is BMR? Ex: A person with a low BMR (who burns fewer calories while at rest) will gain more pounds of body fat over time, compared to a similar-sized person with an average BMR who eats the same amount of food and gets the same amount of exercise

  11. What Influences BMR? • Genetics • Health problems • Activity level – exercise • Body composition – lean muscle • Gender – men have more lean muscle • Age – development vs. maintenance • Body Temperature/Body Size • Energy Supply - During time of famine the body automatically lowers its metabolic rate for a “starvation diet”

  12. How to Calculate BMR • Convert body weight kilograms • Weight in Pounds 2.2 • Females - Multiply step #1 by 0.9 • Males - Multiply step #1 by 1.0 3. Multiply step #2 by 24 to get basic kcals needed/day

  13. Example • Jessie weighs 125 lbs. What is her BMR? 1. Convert body weight kilograms • Weight in Pounds 2.2 • Females - Multiply step #1 by 0.9 56.82 x 0.9 = 51.14 3. Multiply step #2 by 24 51.14 x 24 = 1227.3 kcals/day (BMR) = 125 lbs/2.2 = 56.82

  14. Finding Basic kcal Needs • After find the BMR, you will adjust this figure by adding the number of Calories burned during daily activities. Ex: Henry’s BMR is 1575. He ran for 1 hour on the treadmill. Each minute he burned 10 Calories. What is his new calorie requirement? 10 Calories x 60 minutes = 600 Calories 1575 + 600 = 2175

  15. Problem #1 Jared and Sandy danced fast for 15 minutes. For each minute danced, they each burned 4 calories. Jared’s BMR is 1775 and Sandy’s is 1552. What are their TOTAL calorie requirements? 4 calories x 15 minutes = 60 calories Jared = 1775 + 60 = 1835 calories Sandy = 1552 + 60 = 1612 calories 1835 + 1612 = 3447 calories together

  16. Problem #2 Bethany weighs 112 pounds. Most days she requires a 25% increase in calories over her typical needs. What is her new calorie requirement? BMR = 112/2.2 = 50.9 50.9 x 0.9 = 45.81 45.81 x 24 = 1099.4 1099.4 x .25 = 274.86 1099.4 + 274.86 = 1374.26 calories

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