The Organization of Life

1. The Organization of Life Ms Shader

2. Cell Theory • All organisms are made of one or more cells • The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things (carries out all life activities) • All cells come from existing cells.

3. The Organization of Living Things: • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ systems • Organisms

4. So What? • An adult human male has approximately 100 trillion (100,000,000,000,000) cells. • How many different kinds of cells can you think of? • An ostrich egg is the largest cell. • There are about 5 million red blood cells in 1 mL of blood

5. Tissues • Tissue – a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific task. • Examples: red blood cells, fat cells, nerve cells, muscle cells

6. Organs • Organ – a group of tissues working together to perform a specific job in the body

7. Organ Systems • A group of organs working together to perform a specific job in the body.

8. Organisms • Organisms – anything that can live on its own • Unicellular – one cell, may live independently or in colonies. ex. Protozoa, bacteria. • Multicellular – more than one cell (usually millions). Cells are usually specialized and would die if removed from the organism. Ex. Dog, tree, grasshopper, human

9. Organism Interactions • Population – A group of the same kind of or organisms living in an area using the same resources. • Community – all of the living things living in an area using the same resources. • Ecosystem – all of the living and nonliving things in an area.

10. The Organization of Life Organ System Cell Tissue Organ Organism Population Community Ecosystem

11. Cell Organelles (Just like organs, but a lot smaller)

12. Nucleus • Control center of the cell • Controls all of the cell’s activities • Contains DNA

13. Nucleolus • Located in the nucleus • Stores RNA that will be used to make ribosomes

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Looks like flattened tubes • Transports proteins to different parts of cell • Makes lipids • Breaks down drugs and toxins

15. Ribosome • Links amino acids together to make proteins • ‘Reads’ RNA instructions from nucleus. • Located attached to outside of E.R. • http://www.dnai.org/a/index.html

16. Golgi Complex • Packs up proteins to be shipped outside of cell. • Also receives packets of proteins into the cell. • a.k.a. golgi apparatus,

17. Lysosome http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olc/dl/120067/bio01.swf • Contains enzymes • Digest food • Break down waste • Destroy foreign invaders

18. Vacuole • Stores water and other nutrients • Large in plant cells • Helps plant cells keep their shape

19. Cytoplasm • “soupy” part of cell inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus • Place where all chemical activities take place. • 70% water • Contains all organelles except nucleus and nucleolus

20. Cell membrane • Barrier between cell and surroundings • Controls what enters and leaves cell • Protects cell • Keeps cytoplasm inside cell • http://telstar.ote.cmu.edu/biology/downloads/membranes/index.html

21. Cell wall • Nonliving material that surrounds plant cells • Helps plant cells keep their shape • Supports cell • Made of cellulose Cell wall

22. Chloroplast • Found only in plants and algae • Makes food using energy from sun • Photosynthesis • 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 • Contains Chlorophyll – green pigment that traps sunlight Carbon dioxide + water  sugar + oxygen

23. Mitochondria • Combines food and oxygen to release energy in cellular respiration. • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy • Provides energy for all cell’s activities • Makes ATP • Active cells may have 1,000+ mitochondria