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Organizing Information About Species

Chapter 19. Organizing Information About Species. DOMAIN. Eukarya. Eukarya. Eukarya. Eukarya. Eukarya. KINGDOM. Plantae. Plantae. Plantae. Plantae. Plantae. PHYLUM. Magnoliophyta. Magnoliophyta. Magnoliophyta. Magnoliophyta. Magnoliophyta. CLASS. Magnoliopsida. Magnoliopsida.

theodore-gilliam
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Organizing Information About Species

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  1. Chapter 19 Organizing Information About Species

  2. DOMAIN Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya KINGDOM Plantae Plantae Plantae Plantae Plantae PHYLUM Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta CLASS Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida ORDER Apiales Rosales Rosales Rosales Rosales FAMILY Apiaceae Cannabaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae GENUS Daucus Cannabis Malus Rosa Rosa SPECIES carota sativa domesticus acicularis canina COMMON carrot marijuana apple arctic rose dog rose NAME Fig. 19-2, p. 302

  3. Cladograms

  4. Morphological Divergence

  5. Morphological Convergence

  6. Comparative Embryology

  7. Master Genes and Appendages

  8. Differential Growth Patterns

  9. Comparing Cytochrome b Sequences

  10. DNA Sequence Comparison

  11. Parsimony Analysis A To get a sense of how parsimony analysis works, think about a few items that differ in measurable properties. For example, the following three objects differ in two characters, color and shape: Fig. 19-11a, p. 310

  12. B If you shuffle these objects, there are only three different ways to put them next to one another: or or Fig. 19-11b, p. 310

  13. C Now think about the total number of differences there are between each pair of adjacent objects. In this example, the middle arrangement has a total of two differences. The others have three: 2 differences 1 difference 1 difference 1 difference 2 differences 1 difference D If we were to create these three arrangements by changing one object into the other two, one difference at a time, the middle arrangement would take the fewest number of steps. Fig. 19-11c, p. 310

  14. A Character Matrix

  15. Cladistic Analysis of Honeycreepers

  16. 19.6 Preview of Life’s Evolutionary History ___________________ research yields an ever more specific picture of how all life is related by shared ___________________ These relationships are organized using diagrams such as a ___________________

  17. Honeycreeper Diversity Deciphering evolutionary relationships helps efforts to preserve ___________________ diversity

  18. Classification Systems Bacteria Archaea Protists Plants Animals Fungi A This tree represents all life classified into six kingdoms. We have discovered that the kingdom of protists is not monophyletic, so some biologists now divide it up into a number of new kingdoms. Fig. 19-14a, p. 312

  19. Bacteria Archaea Eukarya B This tree represents all life classified into three domains. The kingdoms protists, plants, fungi, and animals are subsumed into domain Eukarya. Compare Figure 19.15. Fig. 19-14b, p. 312

  20. A Tree of Life

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