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Lecture Week 1- Chapter 4

Lecture Week 1- Chapter 4. DENTAL ANANTOMY. Anatomic Parts of The Tooth. Crown: (anatomic) the portion covered with enamel (fig. 4-2, pg. 48) Clinical Crown: portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth, length varies during the life cycle, depends on the level of the gingiva

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Lecture Week 1- Chapter 4

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  1. Lecture Week 1- Chapter 4 DENTAL ANANTOMY

  2. Anatomic Parts of The Tooth • Crown: (anatomic) the portion covered with enamel (fig. 4-2, pg. 48) • Clinical Crown: portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth, length varies during the life cycle, depends on the level of the gingiva • Root: portion of the tooth that is normally embedded in the alveolar process, covered with cementum. Some teeth may have 1,2,3 roots • Bifurcation: division into 2 roots • Trifurcation: division into 3 roots

  3. Anatomic Parts of The Tooth • Apex: tapered end of the root • Apical: anything located at the apex • Periapical: anything surrounding the apex • Cervix: narrow area of the tooth, where the crown and tooth meet • Cementoenamel Junction: formed by the enamel of the crown and the cementum of the root, aka- cervical line or CEJ

  4. Tissues of the Tooth • Enamel: makes up the anatomic crown of the tooth, hardest material of the body, provides the protective covering for the dentin, strong surface for chewing, tearing, grinding. Composed of a million enamel prisms called enamel rods, extend from the surface of the tooth to the dentinoenamel junction. • Dentin: main portion of the tooth, extends the entire length of the tooth, covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root

  5. Tissues of The Tooth • Dentin is a mineralized tissue, harder than bone, but not as hard as enamel, very porous tissue make-up of microscopic canals called dentinal tubules, these extend to the exterior surface, each dentinal tubules contain a dentinal fiber, this transmits pain to the pulp. • Pulp: inner aspect of the dentin forms the boundaries of the pulp chamber (fig. 4-3, pg. 49). At the time of eruption the pulp chamber is large, with time and the deposit of dentin it becomes smaller. • Coronal Pulp: pulp that lies with in the crown portion of the tooth • Pulp horns: extensions of the pulp into the dentin area • Radicular or Root Pulp: portion of the pulp that is located more apically (fig. 4-3, pg. 49)

  6. Structures of The Pulp • Pulp is made of blood vessels and nerves that enter the pulp chamber through the apical foramen. Blood supply is from the dental arteries and the periodontal ligament.

  7. Tissues of The Tooth • Cementum: protects the root of the tooth is not as hard, as enamel/dentin, covered by bone and gingival tissue • Periodontium: supports the teeth in the alveolar bone, consists of cementum, alveolar bone, periodontal ligaments. It also protects and nourishes the teeth

  8. Tissues of The Tooth • Periodontal Ligament: dense connective tissue, organized into fibers that connect the cementum covering the root of the tooth to the alveolar bone of the socket wall. As we age the width of these fibers decrease.

  9. Review of The Tooth

  10. Dental Arches • Mandibular Arch: capable of movement through the action of the temporomandibular joint, aka- lower jaw • Maxillary Arch: actually part of the skull, is fixed not capable of movement, aka- upper jaw • Each arch is divided into half resulting in 4 quadrants of the mouth, maxillary right, maxillary left, mandibular right and mandibular left. Each quadrant of permanent teeth contain 8 teeth, primary dentition-5 teeth

  11. Dental Arches • The arch can also be divided into Sextants, there are three sextants in each arch. • Maxillary Right/Left Posterior • Maxillary Anterior • Mandibular Right/Left Posterior • Mandibular Anterior • See 4-7 page 53

  12. Anterior Teeth • Anterior: means toward the front, includes the incisors, canines and are visible when you smile. These teeth are aligned in a curve Teeth 6-11 on the upper Teeth 22-27 on the lower

  13. Posterior Teeth • Posterior: toward the back, includes the pre-molars, and molars Teeth 1-5, 16-12 on the upper are posterior Teeth 28-32, 21-17 on the lower are posterior

  14. Surfaces of The Teeth • Occlusal: posterior teeth only, top of the tooth • Facial: anterior teeth, closest to the lips • Lingual: closet to the tongue • Mesial: closet to the midline • Distal: away from the midline • Incisal: on anterior, the edge • Buccal: Posterior, close to the cheek • Table 4-2, pg 51

  15. Surfaces Overview

  16. Primary Dentition • Made up of 20 teeth, also know as deciduous, as the adult teeth form, the root of the primary teeth is resorbed. Table 4-3, pg. 55 F E G D H C I J B A K T L S M R N Q O P

  17. Permanent Dentition • Permanent begins when the last primary is shed, around 12 years of age. 32 teeth in all erupt at times Upper Arch 1-16 Lower Arch 17-32

  18. Universal Number System • Approved by the ADA • Permanent teeth are numbered 1-32 • Primary teeth are lettered A-T • Table 4-4 pg. 56, 57 • Palmer Notation: four quadrants divided by a vertical line and horizontal line, 8 teeth in each section

  19. Tooth Numbering Review Permanent Dentition (Adult Teeth)

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