The Initiative for a United Nations Emergency Peace Service 2018-2021

1. UNEPS The Initiative for aUnited NationsEmergency Peace Service2018-2021 “A proposal & global movement to address four (or more) big challenges ”

2. 1. Preventing armed conflict, genocide & crimes against humanity

3. 2. Protecting civilians at risk

4. 3. Prompt start-up of peace operations

5. 4. Addressing human needs in emergencies

6. One step to help: A United Nations Emergency Peace Service

7. What is Proposed as a UN Emergency Peace Service? UNEPS • A permanent UN formation • A ‘first responder’ available immediately • Requires authorization by the UN Security Council • Multidimensional and multifunctional service • Military, police and civilian elements • Prepared for rapid deployment to diverse crisis • Pre-trained, well-equipped 14,400 personnel • Composition to be gender-equitable & regionally representative.

8. What is Proposed as a UN Emergency Peace Service?(Structure) UNEPS • Co-located at a new UN base • Static operational headquarters • Two mobile field headquarters • Integrated, modular formation • Robust security • Civilian police • Skills and services to address human needs

9. Office of SRSG Pers 3 MIL, 2 POL, 10 CIV. -Senior MILAD, POLAD & CIVAD -Policy & Legal EMC Liaison Cell: DPA, DPKO, OCHA,UNHCR, Field Log & National Support DEPLOYABLE ELEMENTS SRSG Annex A Operational Level UN Emergency Peace Service Permanent Operational Level Headquarters and Base Personnel: 270 MIL 40 POL 1540 CIV OPERATIONS Pers 100 MIL Pers 25 POL Pers 25 CIV -Contingency -Contingency -Contingency Planning Planning Planning -Operations -Operations -Operations -Training -Training -Training -Logistics -Personnel -Personnel -Personnel -Legal Advisors -Advisors [Joint 24/7 OPS Cell] SUPPORT Pers 50 MIL, 10 POL&CIV Pers 100 MIL, 1500CIV -Contingency Move -Administration Planning -Personnel -Staging -Housing -Mission Support -Finance -Rotation/Augmentation -Host Nation Support Planning -Airlift/Sealift Contracting -Deployable Movement Support Teams Military Staff CIVPOL Staff Civilian Staff Deployment Cell Base Support & Infrastructure TRAINING Pers 5 MIL, 2 POL., 2 CIV Pers 10 MIL, 2 POL, 2 CIV Pers 4 MIL, 2 POL, 4 CIV -Ongoing Development of -Set & Assess Standards -Long-Term Planning Doctrine -Course & Curricula -Lessons Learned -SOPS Development -Multidisciplinary -ROE Options -Training & Exercises Think Tank -Interoperability Doctrine Training Standards Research & Analysis Military Police Civilian

10. Annex B. Composition of Deployable Elements for a UN Emergency Peace Service(assume 2 MHQ with 2 complete formations)(assigned to UN Base under a Static Operational HQ and 2 Missions HQs)Total Personnel in Each: MIL 5000, CIV 610, POL 400 Deputy/SRSG Military&Police Commander MIL-1 x 250 Pers CIV-1 x 20 Pers POL- 1 x 20 Pers MSN HQ Includes:Military, Police and Civilian StaffPolitical and Legal AdviceTranslation/Comms/Signals/Intell.Defense & Security PlatoonNGO Liaison Team Mission HQ (Tactical) Mission HQ (Tactical) Technical Recce Unit Technical Recce Unit Civilian Police Companies Technical Recce Unit Civilian Police Companies Technical Recce Unit MIL- 4 x 50 Pers Augmented by CIV Civilian Police Companies POL- 3 x 125 Per Light ArmouredRecceUnit Disaster Relief & Humanitarian Assistance Team Light ArmouredRecceUnit Disaster Relief & Humanitarian Assistance Team MIL- 2 x 150 Pers CIV- 4 x 30 Per Motorized Light Infantry Battalion Human Rights Monitors & Educators Motorized Light Infantry Battalion Human Rights Monitors & Educators MIL- 2 x 600 Pers CIV- 2 x 10 Per Amoured (Wheeled) Infantry Battalion Amoured (Wheeled) Infantry Battalion Conflict Resolution Teams MIL- 2 x 600 Pers Conflict Resolution & Mediation Teams CIV – 4 x 10 Per MIL-450 Pers 2 flights of 8 utility Helis 1 flight of 3 Heavy Lift Helis 2 flights of Armed Scout Helis Peacebuilding & Quick Impact Teams Helicopter Squardron CIV- 4 x 40 Per CIV- 2 X 20 Per DDDRRR team Engineer Battalion MIL-500 Pers -3 Field Squadrons -3 Support Troops Environmental Crisis Response Team CIV- 10 Pers Logistics Battalion MIL- 1 x 500 Pers Medical & Health Teams CIV- 4 X 50 Per MIL-400 Pers -Forward Surgical Teams Public Affairs Medical Unit CIV- 4 x 5 Per Public Affairs

11. UNEPS Key Components A ‘UN 911, 999 or 112’ designed to be: • A complement to existing arrangements (UN, national, and regional) • A ‘lead service’ or ‘first-responder’ • Deployable within 48 hrs, sustainable for 6 months • Competent in diverse emergencies • A cost-effective investment for ‘we the people’ and the international community

12. Criteria for Deployment(short list) UNEPS • An emergency or complex emergency only; • Authorization from the UN Security Council; • A clear & viable mandate; • A reasonable expectation of success; • A high probability of augmentation, prompt arrangements for extraction after six months, with (or without) rotation & sufficient support.

13. Additional Criteria (for Deployment of UNEPS) UNEPS • just cause; • right in­tention; • the means employed must be proportional to and consistent with the ends sought; • legitimate rapid responses and preventive deployments to address diverse emergencies.

14. A UNEPS is for emergencies only! UNEPS Definitions of an ‘emergency’: • “a serious situation that happens unexpectedly and demands immediate action.” • “a sudden, volatile crisis, with an urgent need for action or assistance.” Definition of a “complex emergency”: • “A crisis typically characterized by: extensive violence and loss of life; massive displacements of people; widespread damage to societies and economies; the need for large-scale, multi-faceted humanitarian assistance; the hindrance or prevention of humanitarian assistance by political and military constraints; and, significant security risks for humanitarian relief workers in some areas.”

15. Recruitment & Personnel Selection UNEPS • Merit and professionalism • Universal representation • Gender equitable representation • Not national/political affiliation • Contracted and assigned • Extensive preparation/training • Reliability, readiness, dedication • Flexibility in managing diverse assignments • Paid, full-time (UN Civil Servant)

16. Recruitment: Is This Really Credible or Any Improvement? As noted in the 1995 Canadian report, Towards A Rapid Reaction Capability For The United Nations: “As professional volunteers develop into a cohesive UN force, they can assume responsibility for some of the riskier operations mandated by the Council, but for which troop contributors have been hesitant to contribute. UN volunteers offer the best prospect of a completely reliable, well-trained rapid reaction capability. Without the need to consult national authorities, the UN could cut response time significantly, and volunteers could be deployed within hours of a Security Council decision… No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.” ... “No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.”

17. Process for Recruitment UNEPS • Similar to all UN civil-servants; • Specific positions would be advertised world-wide; • Individuals submit an application, including a resume and credentials for specific skills, training and experience for employment within UNEPS; • A specific UN recruitment team would be developed to: review applications, verify qualifications, interview, screen, test and assess competence, as well as dedication prior to selecting any for employment in UNEPS.

18. Why this Model for UNEPS? • Alleviates pressure on national governments; • Builds on and beyond the existing UN foundation; • Universal composition to ensure universal legitimacy; • Advanced training, equipment and standards to ensure more legitimate and sophisticated services for diverse tasks;

19. Why this Model for UNEPS? • Corresponds to requirements of UN missions; • Provides useful incentives to address human needs; • Assures services to restore law and order; • Maintains robust disincentives to dissuade or deter and stem further violence; • Ensures a more rapid, reliable, sophisticated response when the need is imminent;

20. Why this Model for UNEPS? UNEPS • Provides a dedicated, ‘lead service’; a ‘first responder’ for the critical, initial 6 months of demanding peace operations; (when governments can’t & won’t) • Functions until replacement/rotation needed and secured from multinational contingents; • Provides a modular formation that can be tailored; • Cost-effective and a sound investment for saving lives and money.

21. A UNEPS would be gender-equitable. Since U.N. Res. 1325, women have done peacekeeping as well, if not better. There are no decent excuses left…

22. Benefits of a gender-equitable UNEPS: • Raise Standards System-Wide; • Improve peacemaking and conflict resolution skills; • Reduce sexual abuse in UN peace operations; • Encourage other Member States (TCC & PCCs) to pursue gender-equity.

23. Cost of a UNEPS: UNEPS • Approximately $3 billion (USD) to develop and start-up, shared proportionately among 193 Member States of the United Nations; • Annual recurring costs of $1.5 billion; • Deployment costs would vary and depend on the required urgency, size and length of a UN peace operation.

24. UNEPS would Help Reduce: • Number of armed conflicts and war crimes • Massive suffering and violent deaths • Size, duration and number of peacekeeping operations • Pressure on national governments and national armed forces to contribute in the high-risk, critical start-up phase of operations • High costs associated with violent conflict and post conflict reconstruction

25. Applicability If available, where might it have helped? UNEPS • Myanmar • Syria & Iraq • Libya & Yemen • Burundi & The Central African Republic • Darfur & South Sudan • Sierra Leone & Cote D’Ivoire • East Timor • The DRC • Rwanda & Srebrenica, etc.

26. Any wider potential? UNEPS Possibly, an ‘over-the-horizon security guarantor’ to initiate a much-needed process that facilitates: • wider disarmament, even progress on the UN Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons; • sustainable development goals; and, • sustainable common security. How?

27. Any Wider Potential? UNEPS Yes! “There is an inseparable relationship between the scaling down of national armaments on the one hand and the building up of international peacekeeping machinery and institutions on the other. Nations are unlikely to shed their means of self-protection in the absence of alternative ways to safeguard their legitimate interests. This can only be achieved through the progressive strengthening of international institutions under the United Nations and by creating a United Nations Peace Force to enforce the peace as the disarmament process proceeds.” U.S. State Department, "Freedom From War", 1961

28. Historical considerations(i.e., lessons learned) UNEPS • Similar ideas tend to capture wider public interest and political support in the aftermath of bad wars, genocides or system shocks; • While former ideas for a UN ‘Standing Force’ or ‘UN Army’ remain unpopular in national capitals, a UN Emergency Peace Service has attracted wider support and political interest; • People support the idea of a ‘UN 911’, effectively a first responder for diverse complex emergencies. Thus, a UNEPS is an easier idea to advance world-wide.

29. Opposition to a UNEPS may be anticipated from: UNEPS • the official preference for pragmatic, incremental reforms to existing arrangements (the tippy-toe approach); • national military establishments and the global military-industrial complex (e.g., the war system & those that benefit from it); • security gatekeepers in institutes, media and academe; • one funder in a private-public partnership with government that finances efforts to appropriate, disrupt and damage the UNEPS proposal.

30. UNEPS Potential Attract and mobilize • people • organizations • governments Support • partnerships • global network

31. Representatives of Diverse Sectors in North and South Agreed that the UNEPS’: • Concept is far more appealing • Case is more compelling • Model is more appropriate • Has more potential

32. A UNEPS is no longer ‘mission-impossible’, but feasible… UNEPS There are critical elections in two years and, familiarity and support is increasingly evident. In 2007, thirty members of Congress supported H-Res 213, “expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that a United Nations Emergency Peace Service capable of intervening in the early stages of a humanitarian crisis could save millions of lives, billions of dollars, and is in the interests of the United States.”

33. Anything new in 2018? UNEPS • Explicit support for the development of UNEPS in the British Labour Party platform; • Progressive parties and several governments are now discussing the UNEPS option; • A higher priority within the United Nations on sustaining peace and preventing armed conflict; • More prominent endorsements (see list)

34. Anything else new in 2018? UNEPS • At the May conference, ‘How to Save the World in a Hurry’, which drew on six diverse sectors, the proposed UNEPS was unanimously supported, attracting the most votes overall; • At the Group of 78 disarmament conference, ‘Getting to Nuclear Zero…’ another twelve NGOs agreed to support the UNEPS option.

35. Objectives for 2018-2020 UNEPS • Be prepared for pivotal elections over the next three years, with: • Educational outreach to generate an informed constituency world-wide; • Development of a more formal network, with a working group & 4 UNEPS centre's for related work; • Raise sufficient support and financial resources to shift from a volunteer effort to a professional campaign.

36. Objectives: UNEPS Research UNEPS There is a need for further work to develop: • a blueprint that identifies and elaborates upon the various requirements at the political, strategic, operational and tactical level; • detailed, independent estimates of the projected start-up costs, annual recurring costs and deployment costs of a UNEPS; • A plethora of publications for people and officials world-wide.

37. Pressing considerations: UNEPS • The Global Peace Index reports the annual cost of war and armed conflict has reached $14.7 trillion (USD); • With overlapping crises and systemic challenges, the need for a UNEPS becomes more urgent and more evident. • Some leaders now call for higher military spending, patriotism, sovereignty and insist there will be no global governance; • Others are calling for a more just world, a rules-based system and a more effective United Nations, with global governance; • We are approaching a decisive tipping point. Progressive leaders will need viable, widely-appealing plans for military transformation and economic conversion. Be prepared!

38. A UNEPS is no panacea; just one step toward: UNEPS • a United Nations that has a capacity to ‘save succeeding generations from the scourge of war’; • providing prompt help to those in need; • a global peace system; and, • sustainable common security.

39. Ideas don’t work unless we do!Together, we might make a difference…Your Thoughts & Questions?

40. Credits Special thanks for permission to use photos is extended to: The United Nations Human Rights Watch Genocide Watch Presentation created by: Dr. H. Peter Langille, Global Common Security i3 Robbyn Evans, rae Communications.com For further information please contact: hpl@globalcommonsecurity.org Tel: 1. 519. 709. 1360