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Healthcare Waste: Basic Data and generation rates

Healthcare Waste: Basic Data and generation rates. Surya Prakash CHANDAK Senior Programme Officer United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics International Environmental Technology Centre (UNEP DTIE IETC). Structure of Presentation.

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Healthcare Waste: Basic Data and generation rates

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  1. Healthcare Waste: Basic Data and generation rates Surya Prakash CHANDAK Senior Programme Officer United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics International Environmental Technology Centre (UNEP DTIE IETC)

  2. Structure of Presentation • Sources of healthcare waste • Material constituents of healthcare waste • Characterization of healthcare waste • Classification of healthcare waste • Generation rates of healthcare waste

  3. Sources of healthcare waste • Hospitals, medical centers, and polyclinics • Clinics, diagnostic facilities, dialysis centers and other specialized outpatient treatment facilities • Primary health centers, rural health stations, basic health units, or health posts • Maternity centers or birthing facilities • Physicians’ offices • Dental clinics and offices • Medical laboratories, biomedical laboratories and research centers, biotechnology laboratories, nuclear medicine laboratories • Blood banks, blood collection centers, and blood transfusion centers • Nursing homes for the elderly, long-term residential care facilities for the chronically ill, and hospices for the terminally ill • Pharmacies and dispensaries, drug stores, pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities • Alternative medicine treatment facilities (e.g., acupuncture centers) • Veterinary hospitals, veterinarians’ clinics, and veterinary offices • Animal research and testing centers, and animal quarantine stations • Home health care settings • Health facilities, infirmaries, clinics, or health stations in colleges and universities, children’s schools and summer camps, military establishments, police stations, prisons, and commercial or industrial establishments • Emergency service facilities (ambulance stations, paramedic units, rescue operations) • Coroners’ or medical examiners’ facilities, forensic pathology or autopsy laboratories, and crime laboratories • Drug addiction rehabilitation centers • Funeral homes and mortuaries • Tattoo and cosmetic ear piercing establishments

  4. Sources of healthcare waste contd. The bulk of healthcare waste is generally produced by hospitals. Health-related facilities in the United States can be categorized according to 15 types of sources. Hospitals, which comprise only 1% of all health-related facilities, account for 71% of the total healthcare waste generated annually. Doctors’ offices, nursing homes, clinics, and medical labs—which together make up 36% of the total facilities—contribute 22% of the healthcare waste

  5. Sources of healthcare waste contd.

  6. Material Constituents of healthcare waste Average Material Constituents of Healthcare Waste

  7. Average Material Constituents of healthcare waste Average material constituents of healthcare waste, excluding food waste is given below: Material Constituents Composition Range (weight %) Paper/carton 15-40 Plastics 10-60 Glass 5-10 Metal 1-10 Cloth/cotton/gauze 10-25 Other 5-25

  8. Characterization of healthcare waste Important parameters for characterization of healthcare waste: • Moisture Content – varies widely 15-50% • Incombustibles – 8-20% • Heating Value – 14.8 MJ/KG- 16.5 MJ/KG • Chemical Composition – importance of chlorine • Bulk Density – 100-200 KG/m3

  9. Classification of healthcare waste Major Classification of healthcare waste: • Sharps • Infectious • Pathological • Pharmaceutical • Chemical • Radioactive • Non-risk general

  10. Healthcare waste generation rates Factors affecting the rate of waste generation in healthcare facilities • Level of activity (often measured in terms of the number of occupied beds plus number of outpatients per day, total number of patients per day, and/or number of staff • Type of department (e.g. General ward, surgical theatre, office,) • Type or level of facility (e.g. clinic, provincial hospital etc.) • Location (rural or urban) • Regulations or policies on waste classification • Segregation practices • Temporal variations (week day vs. weekend, seasonal) • Level of development of country

  11. Healthcare waste generation rates contd. • Total and infectious healthcare waste generation by type of facility • Low income countries • Middle income countries • High income countries • Total and infectious healthcare waste generation by number of hospital beds • Low income countries • Middle income countries • High income countries

  12. Healthcare waste generation rates contd. Average waste generation by type of facility

  13. THANK YOUFor further information:http://www.unep.org/ietc/

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