Shoguns and Samurais

1. Shoguns and Samurais

2. 700 C.E. Japan built a new Capital • Nara - for the next 100 years it is known as the Nara Period

3. NARA looked like a copy of the Chinese Capital Changan • But Smaller

4. Nara had broad streets and large public squares.

5. Todai-Ji Great Buddha Hall in Nara

6. And Shinto Shrine

7. Nara Japan has a lot of Chinese influences through out the city

8. Write this down. Nara Capital 1. The city of ________ became the new __________ of Japan. 2. The ___________ culture became a major influence in the city. 3. The city has ___________ temples and ________ shrines throughout. 4. The Chinese influence is seen in the ________________ and ___________. Chinese Buddhist Shinto Architecture Religion

9. The Emperor’s Government They organized the government officials by rank. Emperor gave jobs to people in powerful families and they can pass it down to their son. For their service they received large estates and Farms. • Japanese emperors added to the changes begun by Prince Shotoku.

10. Nobles Estates • The Emperor gave Nobles farmers to farm the land

11. Emperor’s Power came from his control of the land and its crops. >Japan had a Census, a counting of the population. >People paid taxes in rice and silk cloth. >Men had to serve in the Army

12. Write this down. Nobles Families 5. Emperors would pick _________ from powerful __________ to help govern. 6. Nobles would be given _______ and __________ to work the land. 7. A counting of the population is called a _________. 8. Taxes were paid to the emperor with ______ and ____________. 9. Men had to serve in the _______. Farms Farmers Census Rice Silk Cloth Army

13. Buddhism Spreads in Japan • As the government grew strong, Buddhism became more popular in Japan. Buddhism came to Japan from Korea 500 C.E

14. Buddhism Spreads • Japanese government officials and nobles were the first to accept the new Religion. 600-700 C.E. Buddhism spread to the common people.

15. Buddhism Spreads • Soon Buddhism became a major religion in Japan and played a major role in the government

16. Buddhism Spreads • Buddhism became more powerful and now there was opposition to the religion and now the fighting starts for control of the government

17. Buddhism Spreads • Instead of fighting with the Buddhist the emperor left Nara and all the Buddhist monks

18. Write this down Japan Korea 10. Buddhism came to _______ from _________. 11. ________ were the first to embrace Buddhism then the _________________. 12. Buddhism became a major ________ in Japan and it became a part of the _______________. 13. Eventually __________ grew between the Buddhist and the Shintoist. Nobles Common people Religion Government Conflict

19. the government weakens • 794 C.E. Emperor Kammu move the capital to Heian, later was called Kyoto. Just like Nara a lot of Chinese influence found

20. The Government Weakens • 800 C.E. Emperors power declines. Why? After a time of strong Emperors, a number of weak emperors came to power. Many were children Many Had Regents – people who rule for someone too young or too sick.

21. Government Weakens • Emperors grew up and the regents would not give up their power. Most regents came from the Fujiwara Clan. Under the Fujiwara Emperors were honored but did not rule instead the emperors studied Buddhism. Or wrote poetry in their palace at Heian

22. Fujiwara • Fujiwara gained wealth and nobles gained land. Japan gained more territory and to keep everyone happy nobles stopped paying taxes and peasants had to pay more

23. Write this down! Nara Heian 14. Emperor Kammu moved the capital from _______ to ________. 15. Emperors went from _________ to ________ many were ___________. 16. Many Emperors were too __________ and they had __________ to help rule. 17. These regents were from the __________ clan. 18. Fujiwara grew to great ________. Strong Weak Children Young Regents Fujiwara Power

24. Who Were The Samurai • To protect the land and enforce law, Nobles formed private armies. They gave land to Warriors in return protection These warriors were called SAMURAI

25. Samurais • Samurais fought on horseback with swords, daggers, bows and arrows. Their armor was leather with steel scales threaded together with silk cords. Helmets had horns or crest with scary masks.

26. Samurai Code • Samurai means “to Serve” and Samurais live by a strict code called the Bushido “the way of the warrior”. The Code demanded them to be loyal to their master They have to be brave, courageous, honorable and not care about wealth

27. Samurai code • Samurai would rather die than betray their lord or being captured. The loyalty of the Japanese lasted all the way to Kamikaze pilots of WWII.

28. Write this down! Warriors Samurais 19. Nobles needed protection so they hired ___________ called ___________. 20 . Samurais were given _______. 21. Samurais fought on _____________ with ________, daggers, ______ and Arrows. 22. Samurais follow a code called __________ and they will serve their ________. 23. Samurais would rather _____than disgrace the code. Land Horseback Swords Bows Bushido Master Die

29. The Rise of the Shogun • Japan’s local government and the Emperors became dominated by Military Rulers called Shoguns.

30. What is a Shogun? • By 1100 C.E. the most powerful families begun fighting each other using their Samurai armies. They fought for land and to gain control over the emperors government

31. Gempei War • This war was between the 2 most powerful families, the Taira Clan and the Minamoto Clan. Minamoto beat Taira in a sea battle near Shikoku island.

32. MinamotoYoritomo The Emperor from the Yamato family was worried the Minamoto Family would try to replace them. So they rewarded Yoritomo to keep him loyal to the Yamato Clan. • He was the commander of the Minamoto Clan.

33. Write this down! Shoguns 24. Military Leaders were called ______________. 25. By 1100 C.E. powerful _______ started to fight against each other with ___________ armies. 26. 2 clans fought, _______ against ______________ and the ____________ won. 27. ____________ was commander of the Minamoto clan. Clans Samurai Taira Minamoto Minamoto Yoritomo

34. The 1st SHOGUN • 1192 the emperor gave the title of SHOGUN to Yoritomo. Shogun means commander of all of the emperors military forces.

35. 2 Governments • Emperor decided to set up 2 governments • 1 in Heian with Emperor in charge • Second in Kamakura led by the Shogun It was Known as a Shogunate A government run by the Shogun and Military rule. It will last for 700 years

36. Yoritomo Was a ruthless ruler, killed most of his family because he feared they would over throw him.

37. Yorimoto and the Shoguns after him. • Appointed high ranking Samurais to Govern the provinces, collect taxes, and keep the peace. The Samurai bound by oath and loyalty to the Shogun. They became the leading group in Japan.

38. Write this down! Yoritomo Shogun 28. The Yamato rewarded _____________ with the title of ___________. 29. The Emperor set up _ governments 1 in __________ and 1 in _____________. 30. Kamakura was controlled by Yoritomo and was called ____________. 31. Yoritomo was a __________ ruler. 32. Shoguns appointed ____________ to govern the province, collect _________, and Keep the ________. 2 Heian Kamakura Shogunate Ruthless Samurais Taxes Peace

39. The Mongols Attack! • Kamakura Shogunate greatest challenge was when the Mongols invaded Japan in 1274 and 1281. Led by Kublai Khan

40. The Mongols Attack • Kublai Khan sent out ships and warriors to invade Japan but the Mongols were defeated by the violent Pacific storms.

41. The Mongols Attack • The storms smashed the Mongols ships and the troops that made it ashore were easily defeated by the Japanese

42. Typhoons • Japanese named the mighty TYPHOONS – KAMIKAZES which means “divine wind” to honor the Spirits that saved the island.

43. Kamikazes • During WWII Japanese Pilots took the name because of the sacrifice to protect the island.

44. Write this down! Kublai Khan Mongol 33. _______________ was the emperor of the ___________ empire. 34. In 1274 and 1281 the _________ invaded Japan. On their way they hit violent _______. 35. Mongol Ships were __________ , the boats and troops that made it were ___________ by the Japanese. 36. The ____________ were named ____________ which means “divine _______” 37. Japanese WWII Pilots were named ______________ . Mongols Storms Smashed Defeated Typhoons Kamikazes Wind Kamikazes

45. The Daimyo Divide Japan • Kamakura Shogunate ruled Japan until 1333 C.E.. Many Samurais grew resentful, land kept getting divided between the Samurais and it was getting smaller and smaller. Their loyalty to the Shogun weakened.

46. Emperor rebells against the Shogun >The Samurais help the emperor with the rebellion and the revolt was a success. The emperor did not gain total control and the loyalty of the Samurai because he did not give them more land.

47. Ashikaga Takauji • Was a general who turned against the Emperor and named himself Shogun in 1333. Ashikaga shogunate began.

48. Ashikaga Shoguns • Proved to be weak and revolts broke out across Japan. Soon the country was divided into small territories and controlled by military lords called daimyo (DY•mee•OH).

49. The daimyo pledge loyalty • To the emperor and the shogun. However they ruled their land like a small kingdom. To protect their lands the daimyo had samurai armies.

50. Write this down! Respect Shoguns 38. Samurais started to lose __________ towards the ___________. 39. Samurais aided the ___________ in a revolt against the ________________________. 40. The revolt was successful but the emperor did not gain control, ____________ _________ made himself Shogun. 41. He proved himself to be _______. Japan broke into _______ territories. 42. They were controlled by the _________. They pledge loyalty to the _________ and the___________. Emperor Kamakura Shogunate Ashikaga Takauji Weak Small Daimyo Emperor Shoguns