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America and the British Empire, 1650-1754

America and the British Empire, 1650-1754. Three Distinct Regions. New England NH, MA, RI, CN Middle Colonies NJ, NY, PN, DE Southern Colonies NC, SC, GA, VA, MD. Geography. Non-Indian Pop. of Chesapeake. Chesapeake Region Pop.

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America and the British Empire, 1650-1754

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  1. America and the British Empire, 1650-1754

  2. Three Distinct Regions • New England • NH, MA, RI, CN • Middle Colonies • NJ, NY, PN, DE • Southern Colonies • NC, SC, GA, VA, MD

  3. Geography

  4. Non-Indian Pop. of Chesapeake

  5. Chesapeake Region Pop.

  6. Early Efforts at Colonizing North America (Jamestown, Plymouth) • Little success, much death • No real profits being returned home to England and shareholders • Indian disputes, disease, lack of women make community-building nearly impossible

  7. Housing

  8. Retreat for English Catholics and spectacular real estate investment Protestants outnumber Catholics Free worship for Christians Given freedom by the crown Had to pay an annual fee Complete oversight of activities Maryland and the Calverts

  9. Bacon’s Rebellion • Western landholders unhappy with rule from the east, strike out against natives against orders • Turns into revolt against the entire gov’t of VA • Results • Shows settlers breaking treaties with natives • Power of the masses against the established gov’t

  10. Other English Colonies • Caribbean • Sugar and rum • Slave pop. outnumbers English • 7 major slave revolts

  11. Refining Sugar

  12. Leaving Massachusetts Behind • Williams founds RI • Complete separation of church and state • Jews allowed religious freedom • Hutchinson leads movement to NH • She dies before establishment • Followed RI principles of religion

  13. Rhode Island

  14. New England Colonies • Commerce, alongside agriculture, dominate economy • Cold weather, rocky terrain limited farming • Boston and Newport develop

  15. New England

  16. New England Pop

  17. Middle Colonies • More suitable soil than in NE, led to wheat as a staple crop • Philadelphia and NYC develop as major cities

  18. Southern Colonies • Climate lends itself to large-scale agriculture • Dependence on slave labor, SC pop. over 50% slave • Charlestown develops

  19. Mercantilism • Sought to maximize the wealth of the mother country • Used colonies as a source of raw materials • Mother country processes materials and can sell finished goods (back to the colonies in particular

  20. Triangular (Rum) Trade Europeans use slave labor to produce in New World, sell goods in Europe, trade goods for slaves in Africa, and repeat

  21. Slavery in America • Native pop. dies off • Cultivation of tobacco (and sugar in the Caribbean) requires intense labor • Importation of Africans into the sugar islands begins • Slaves sold to English colonies on the mainland

  22. Slaves Imported to America

  23. Slaves as % of Population

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