What factors led to the new imperialism? How did European powers claim territory in Africa?

2. Chapter 25 section 3: The Scramble for Africa In the late 1800s and early 1900s, European powers claimed land in much of Africa. • What factors led to the new imperialism? • How did European powers claim territory in Africa? • How did Africans resist European imperialism?

3. Imperialism = The domination of European powers (and US and Japan) over subject lands in the larger world by various methods • New Imperialism =The Scramble for Africa • Not necessarily interested in colonizing • Europeans looked to govern large areas of non-European people • Motivated by political interests, economic interests, cultural motives

7. The Scramble for Africa • Economic interests= raw materials, slave labor, new markets • Entrepreneurs expect home countries to support these efforts • Political interests= Reflected long time rivalry between France and Great Britain, and growing nationalism in Europe • Cultural interest=Social Darwinism and “The White Man’s Burden” New Imperialism

8. Social Darwinism? Cecil Rhodes: “I content that we are the finest race in the world and that the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race… What an alteration there would be if they (Africans) were brought under Anglo-Saxon influence.” RACIST VIEW = People of European descent superior to people of African, Asian descent

9. “The White Man’s Burden” Rudyard Kipling

10. Cultural Motivations = The White Man’s Burden

13. “Whatever happens we have got The Maxim gun and they have not.” - Hilaire Belloc Quinine?

14. The French and British gain control of the Suez Canal 1876 British remained in Egypt until 1954

15. Berlin Conference 1884-1885 King Leopold I of Belgium Boer War

16. The Berlin Conference 1884-1885 • Coordinated by German (von Bismarck), called for by Portugal • 14 European nations and the United States were involved: no Africans were invited • Generally agreed to represent the formalization of the Scramble for Africa • Organized in response to Stanley’s mapping of the Congo Basin and to King Leopold’s • assertion that the Congo region would be a trade free zone. • The General Act of the Berlin Conference proclaimed: • 1. The Free State of Congo was confirmed as private property of the Congo Society and • essentially the private property of King Leopold. • (because of the terror regime established, it would eventually become a Belgian colony 1908). • The 14 signatory powers would have free trade throughout the Congo Basin and the Niger and • Congo Rivers were made free for ship traffic. • 3. An international prohibition of the slave trade was signed. • 4. Any European country could establish colonies as long as they told everyone, and • occupied previously unoccupied territories.

17. “The baskets of severed hands, set down at the feet of the European post commanders, became the symbol of the Congo Free State. ... The collection of hands became an end in itself. Force Publique soldiers brought them to the stations in place of rubber; they even went out to harvest them instead of rubber... They became a sort of currency. They came to be used to make up for shortfalls in rubber quotas, to replace... the people who were demanded for the forced labor gangs; and the Force Publique soldiers were paid their bonuses on the basis of how many hands they collected.” - Belgian Commissioner (Death toll estimates 3-15 million Africans) African men were murdered, women were raped and murdered, if they did not fill their quota of rubber and ivory

19. World History Notebook Organization! Start Organizing!! • 3 ring binder with dividers • Dividers labeled as follows: (you already have geography • and Europe Chapters 15, 16 and 18) • Europe • Chapter 19 section 1 (The Scientific Revolution) • Chapter 19 section 2 (The Enlightenment) • Chapter 20 sections 1-4 • (The French Revolution and Napoleon) • Chapter 21 (The Industrial Revolution) • Latin America • Chapter 7 sections 2 and 3 • Chapter 23 section 3 • Chapter 25 section 4 • Chapter 32 sections 1-3 • Africa • Chapter 10 sections 1-3 • Chapter 25 section 3 • Chapter 31 sections 1 and 2 DUE FRIDAY MARCH 25th 50 points: 20 = proper organization 20 = neatness, attention 10 = complete All Maps All Homework All Notes

20. The Scramble for Africa New Imperialism Resistance to imperialism European Nations in Africa • Economic interests= raw materials, slave labor, new markets • Entrepreneurs expect home countries to support these efforts • Political interests= Reflected long time rivalry between France and Great Britain, and growing nationalism in Europe • Cultural interest= Social Darwinism and “The White Man’s Burden” • Aided by advances in medicine, weapons, communication and transportation • Suez Canal influenced Britain’s interests in Egypt • Belgian king controlled Congo with brutal methods • Berlin Conference mediated European disputes • Boer War fought over southern Africa • Zulu fought the British (50 hyrs!)but ultimately failed • Ethiopians defeated the Italians • Malinke people fought against French rule in West Africa but ultimately failed • MajiMaji Rebellion was put down by the Germans in East Africa- tens of thousands of Africans were killed

22. 1895 = Italians invaded Ethiopia over a treaty dispute • Menelik II amassed 100,000 soldiers with modern technology • Ethiopians easily defeated the Italians • ONLY example of an African nation that was able to remain independent after European attempt to colonize

24. Imperialism = New Imperialism = The Scramble for Africa Nationalism =