Meeting 3

1. Meeting 3 Eight Translation Methods By Newmark

2. The method of translation is introduced by Newmark (1998:45). Newmark states, “The important of source language system and culture on the other polar is focusing the importance of target language system and culture.“

3. Newmark (1988: 45-47) uses eight terms in his classification: Source Language (S L) emphasis on: Target Language ( T L) emphasis on: Adaptation Free Translation Idiomatic Translation Communicative Translation • Word for word Translation • Literal Translation • Faithful Translation • Semantic Translation

4. Word-for-word translation: in which the SL (Source Language) word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context. Example: Tsu: Look, little guy, you all shouldn’t be doing that. Tsa:Lihat, kecil anak, kamu semua harus tidak melakukan ini • Literal translation: in which the SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context. Example: SL : look, little guy, you all shouldn’t be doing that. TL :Lihat, anak kecil, kamu semua seharusnya tidak berbuat seperti itu.

5. 3.Faithful translation: it interprets the exact contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL (target language) grammatical structures. This translation method tends to be faithful to the source text; therefore its translation sometimes experiences clumsiness and strangeness. Example: SL : I have quite a few friends TL : saya mempunyai samasekali tidak banyak teman.

6. 4.Semantic translation: which differs from 'faithful translation' only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text. The word semantic has to do with meaning. A semantic translation would be one where the translator tried to come as close as possible to the meaning conveyed by the words.  Example: SL : He is a book warm TL: Dia (laki-laki) adalahseorang yang sukasekalimembaca.

7. 5. Adaptation: which is the freest form of translation, and is used mainly for plays (comedies) and poetry; the themes, characters, plots are usually preserved, the SL culture is converted to the TL culture and the text is rewritten. SL :hey, Jude don’t make it bad Take a sad song and make it better Remember to let her into your heart Then you can start to make it better TL :kasih, dimanakah mengapa kau tinggalkan aku Ingat-ingatlah kau padaku Janji setiamu tak kan lupa.

8. 6. Free translation: it produces the target language text without the style, form, or content of the original. Example: SL: The flowers in the garden. TL: Bunga-bunga yang tumbuhdikebun. 7. Idiomatic translation: it reproduces the 'message' of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original. Example: - I don't have my eye on you = I don’t remember you - I don't have my eye on you = I’m already to go

9. 8. Communicative translation: this method displays the exact contextual meaning of the original text in a manner where both content and language are easily acceptable and comprehensible to the readers. Example: Tsu: Beware of the dog. Tsa: Awas anjing galak.

10. Exercises Translate into Bahasa! 1. There are a number of boys waiting outside. 2. Suharto has peacefully passed away. 3. United we stand, divided we fall. 4. He doesn’t believe that ghosts exist. 5. Give me a break.