1 / 17

The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment. The Age of Reason. Enlightenment. Reaches peak in mid-1700s sparked by Scientific Revolution apply reason and scientific method to areas outside science (politics, religion, economics, etc.). Views on Government. Thomas Hobbes. Leviathan

torie
Download Presentation

The Enlightenment

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Enlightenment The Age of Reason

  2. Enlightenment • Reaches peak in mid-1700s • sparked by Scientific Revolution • apply reason and scientific method to areas outside science (politics, religion, economics, etc.)

  3. Views on Government

  4. Thomas Hobbes • Leviathan • Believed people are selfish and evil • Social Contract - people give up rights to be ruled by strong leader in exchange for law and order • Absolute rulers exist to keep order

  5. John Locke • People have ability to govern themselves • all people are born with 3 natural rights • life • liberty • property

  6. Locke • Government’s purpose is to protect those rights • Citizens have right to overthrow government if they don’t do their job (James II) • Foundation of modern democracy - gov. comes from people

  7. Philosophes French Philosophers

  8. Concepts that form core beliefs • 1. Reason • 2. Nature • 3. Happiness • 4. Progress • 5. Liberty

  9. Voltaire • Used satire to fight church, government, aristocracy • fought for freedom of speech, religion, tolerance, reason • Deism

  10. Baron de Montesquieu • Separation of powers - legislative (Parliament), judicial (courts), and executive (monarch) • Checks and balances • “power should be a check to power”

  11. Jean Jacques Rousseau • Disagreed with other philosophers • Civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness • Only good government is guided by people - direct democracy

  12. Rousseau • Social contract - people create government in order to be a free society • Believed there should be no aristocracy (used in French Revolution)

  13. CesareBaccaria • Focused on judicial system • Against torture of witnesses and suspects • No arbitrary or cruel punishment • Speedy trial • Punishment fits crime • No capital punishment

  14. Women in the Enlightenment

  15. Mary Wollstonecraft • Encouraged education for women • Women should be involved in politics

  16. Impact of Enlightenment • 1. Belief in progress • 2. More secular (worldly) outlook on life • 3. Importance of the individual (individualism) • Leads to: American and French Revolutions

  17. Things to know • While items in red are important to know, we’re stepping it up a bit and you need to be responsible for the other info as well. All items on power points are fair game for quizzes. • You do need to turn in by quiz day a compiled list of definitions of all the items in red. (Include Denis Diderot, Adam Smith)

More Related