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Electromagnetic Fields in Complex Mediums

Electromagnetic Fields in Complex Mediums. Akhlesh Lakhtakia Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University. February 27, 2006 Department of Electronics Engineering Institute of Technology, BHU Varanasi, India. What is a Medium ?.

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Electromagnetic Fields in Complex Mediums

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  1. Electromagnetic Fields in Complex Mediums Akhlesh Lakhtakia Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University February 27, 2006 Department of Electronics Engineering Institute of Technology, BHU Varanasi, India

  2. What is a Medium? A spacetime manifold allowing signals to propagate Free Space (Reference Medium) Vacuum (Gravitation? Quantum?) Materials

  3. What is Complex? That which is not SIMPLE! What is SIMPLE? Textbook stuff!

  4. From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic Microscopic Fields: Discrete (point) Charges:

  5. From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic Maxwell Postulates (microscopic): Nonhomogeneous Nonhomogeneous Homogeneous Homogeneous

  6. From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic Maxwell Postulates (macroscopic): spatial averaging Nonhomogeneous Nonhomogeneous Homogeneous Homogeneous

  7. From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic Free sources (impressed) Bound sources (matter)

  8. From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic Induction fields:

  9. From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic Maxwell Postulates (macroscopic): Nonhomogeneous Nonhomogeneous Homogeneous Homogeneous Free sources Bound sources (induction fields)

  10. From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic Maxwell Postulates (macroscopic): Nonhomogeneous Nonhomogeneous Homogeneous Homogeneous

  11. Constitutive Relations(always macroscopic) Primitive fields: Induction fields: D and H as functions of E and B

  12. Constitutive Relations(always macroscopic) D and H as functions of E and B Simplest medium: Free space Simple medium: Linear, Homogeneous, Isotropic, Dielectric Delay Absorption Complex medium: Everything else Delay Absorption Anisotropy Chirality Nonhomogeneity Nonlinearity

  13. Macroscopic Maxwell Postulates (Time-Harmonic) Temporal Fourier Transformation:

  14. Constitutive Relations(always macroscopic) Free space Linear, isotropic dielectric

  15. Constitutive Relations(always macroscopic) 3. Linear, anisotropic dielectric

  16. Constitutive Relations(always macroscopic) 4. Linear bianisotropic:

  17. Constitutive Relations(always macroscopic) 4. Linear bianisotropic: Structural constraint (Post): Reciprocity: Crystallographic symmetries: ….

  18. Constitutive Relations(always macroscopic) 5. Nonlinear bianisotropic:

  19. Constitutive Relations(always macroscopic) 5. Nonlinear bianisotropic:

  20. There is no end to Complexity. Lifetime Job Security!

  21. My CME Research(2001-2005) • Sculptured Thin Films • Homogenization of Composite Materials • Negative-Phase-Velocity Propagation • Related Topics in Nanotechnology • Carbon nanotubes • Broadband ultraviolet lithography • Photonic bandgap structures • Fundamental CME Issues

  22. Sculptured Thin Films

  23. Sculptured Thin Films Conceived by Lakhtakia & Messier (1992-1995) Nanoengineered Materials (1-3 nm clusters) Assemblies of Parallel Curved Nanowires/Submicronwires Controllable Nanowire Shape 2-D - nematic 3-D - helicoidal combination morphologies vertical sectioning Controllable Porosity (10-90 %)

  24. Physical Vapor Deposition (Columnar Thin Films)

  25. Physical Vapor Deposition (Sculptured Thin Films) Rotate about y axis for nematic morphology Rotate about z axis for helicoidal morphology Mix and match rotations for complex morphologies

  26. Sculptured Thin Films Optical Devices: Polarization Filters Bragg Filters Ultranarrowband Filters Fluid Concentration Sensors Bacterial Sensors Biomedical Applications: Tissue Scaffolds Drug/Gene Delivery Bone Repair Virus Traps Other Applications

  27. Chiral STF as CP Filter

  28. Spectral Hole Filter

  29. Fluid Concentration Sensor

  30. Tissue Scaffolds

  31. Optical Modeling of STFs

  32. Optical Modeling of STFs

  33. Optical Modeling of STFs Homogenize a collection of parallel ellipsoids to get

  34. STFs with Transverse Architecture 1.5 um x 1.5 um photoresist pattern fabricated using a lithographic stepper Chiral SiO2 thin films grown using e-beam evaporation 2 KX 17 KX Different periods achieved by changing deposition conditions 100 KX 40 KX

  35. Homogenization of Composite Materials

  36. Metamaterials Rodger Walser

  37. Homogenization of Composite Materials Particulate Composite Material with ellipsoidal inclusions

  38. Homogenization of Composite Materials

  39. Homogenization of Composite Materials

  40. Homogenization of Composite Materials

  41. Homogenization of Composite Materials

  42. Homogenization of Composite Materials

  43. Homogenization of Composite Materials

  44. Homogenization of Composite Materials

  45. Homogenization of Composite Materials

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