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Unit 4 Chapter 7: The Industrial Revolution

Unit 4 Chapter 7: The Industrial Revolution. Section 1: A New Kind of Revolution. 1. Why Did Industrialization Begin in Britain ?. Impt . Factors Exploration and colonialism = source of cheap raw materials & markets

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Unit 4 Chapter 7: The Industrial Revolution

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  1. Unit 4Chapter 7:The Industrial Revolution Section 1: A New Kind of Revolution

  2. 1. Why Did Industrialization Begin in Britain? Impt. Factors • Exploration and colonialism = source of cheap raw materials & markets • Seapower = ability to transport goods all over world safely & efficiently • Political stability/support = govt. supported growth of business • Private investment = individuals had freedom to research and develop new products/inventions

  3. An Agricultural Revolution Farmersapply scientific knowledge and tech -nology to increase agricultural production • JethroTull invents seed drill -1701 • Hybrid crops & livestock breeding Result: • Food surplus = population growth Enclosure Movement = landowners combined small farms into larger ones, making production more efficient • Pastured sheep • large-scale production • Tenant farmers run off land  increase labor force

  4. The Factors of Production Britain the first to have all factors of production at one time: Land – natural resources (coal, iron, water, etc) Labor – large population who need work Capital – funds available for investment in business

  5. 2.Revolution in Textiles Inventions in cloth-making lead to increased production • Hargreaves’ spinning jenny • Arkwright’s spinning frame • John Kay’s flying shuttle • Cartwright’s power loom *Advancement in one step of the production process forces other steps to improve as well

  6. 3. The Factory System The Cottage System • Old way of manufacturing done in the home • Inefficient and costly • Allowed worker to stay at home and do other things • Piecemeal work – paid only for what you produce Factory System • All machines and laborers housed under one roof • More efficient and less costly • Workers go to factory • Wages replace “piece work”

  7. 4. Steam Power Replaced moving water as new source of energy • James Watt develops first workable steam engine by 1800 Advantages of steam power : • Could locate factory closer to raw materials or markets • Not as dependent on weather • More efficient (could be applied to variety of inventions) Steam is applied to transportation • Richard Trevithick invents 1st locomotive – 1802 • Robert Fulton invents steamboat - 1807

  8. 5. Industrialization Spreads Why did industrialization do well in West and not in the East (Africa, Asia)? • Citizens of western nations had more freedom to compete and develop business for profit How did industrialization come to America? • Samuel Slater “smuggled” in plans for building a spinning mill – 1793 • Memorized (Britain tried to stop any spread of industrial technology)

  9. Rest of Europe and the World Slow to spread to rest of Europe because • France held up by political turmoil of French Revolution & Napoleonic Wars • Germany held back due to • Lack of govt. support • Lack of cooperation btwn. German states • Lack of transportation at first Very slow to spread to Asia • Distrust of foreigners • Lack of individual freedoms • Japan eventually became 1st Asian nation to industrialize and became the leading nation as a result

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