Glass and acoustic insulation 2008

Glass and acoustic insulation 2008 Technical Advisory Service

Thermal Insulation Acoustic Insulation Solar Control Safety Aesthetic and decoration

Glass and acoustic insulation • Basis notion • Standards • Acoustical performances of glazing • AGC Flat Glass Europe’s brand of acoustical glazing • Performances of windows and façades

Basis notions – The sound What is a sound ? • Vibration of the air • That gives variations of air pressure • Ours eardrums are sensible to this pressure

Basis notions – The sound What characterizes an “audible” sound ? • Its difference of pressure from 0,00002 to 20 Pa (patm 100 000 Pa) ( 1 Pa  0,1 kg/m²) • Its frequency from 100 à 4000 Hz(frequencies to consider for buildings)

Basis notions – The sound a : number of waves / second ~ frequency b : height of waves ~ intensity

Basis notions – The sound

Low frequencies (deep sounds) High frequencies (shrill sounds) Basis notions – The sound Frequency : 100 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz

so 6 “0” x 20 = 120 (logarithmic scale) Basis notions – The sound Pressure : “dB” = Number of “0” x 20 0,00002 Pa just audible 0,0002 0,002 0,02 0,2 2 20 X 10 X 100 X 1000 X 10000 X 100000 X 1000000 0 dB 20 dB 40 dB 60 dB 80 dB 100 dB 120 dB

Basis notions – The sound (dB) • Lp : level of sound pressure (dB) • p : sound pressure (Pa) • p0 : referencepressure (Pa) (limit of hearing : 0,00002 Pa)

dB 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Pa 20 2 0,2 0,02 0,002 0,0002 0,00002 Basis notions – The sound Examples of level of sound pressure

63 dB Basis notions – The decibels x 2 60 dB

Basis notions – The decibels 50 dB x 10 40 dB

Basis notions – The decibels 70 dB 80 dB + = 80,4 dB

Basis notions – The hearing perception - 1 dB : Can not be heard - 3 dB : just audible - 5 dB : clearly audible - 10 dB : Noised reduced by 1/2 - 20 dB : Noised reduced by 3/4 = spreading of the Thermobel Phonibel range

Basis notions – Acoustical spectrum Sound = mixing of pressures and frequencies  acoustical spectrum Insulation level / of noise (dB) Frequency(Hz)

Basis notions – Acoustical spectrum Spectrum of the noises “traffic” et “urban” Noise level (dB) Urban noise Frequency(Hz)

Traffic noise Urban noise Basis notions – Acoustical spectrum Spectrum of the noises “traffic” et “urban” Noise level (dB) Frequency(Hz)

Basis notions – The hearing perception Isophones: Fletcher’sand Munson’s graphs 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 110 phones 90 Pressure level in dB(ref. 0,00002 Pa) 70 50 30 Limit of hearing 10 31,5 63 125 250 500 1000 2k 4k 8k 16k Frequency en Hz

Glass and acoustic insulation • Basis notion • Standards • Acoustical performances of glazing • AGC’s brand of acoustical glazing • Performances of windows and façades

Standards – Mesure in laboratory Following EN ISO 140-3 Room of reception Room of emission

Standards – Mesure in laboratory

indices : Rw, Ra ... Standards – Curve of attenuation of noise Level of insulation (dB) Frequency(Hz)

Standards – Indexes Country Index Units EN ISO 717-1 Rw (C, Ctr) dB Germany R dB (A) route France R dB (A) rose R dB (A) (road) A R dB (A) Holland (plane) A,l R dB (A) (train) A,r Category Va, Vb, Vc, Vd Belgium

Standards – Indexes • Disparition in the long term of the indexes and national classes • Application of IN ISO 717-1 and use of a single index (Rw) and of twoterms of adaptation (C and Ctr) Belgian class, Ra, Ra,l, Ra,r, Rroute, Rrose... Rw (C;Ctr)

Standards – Calculation of the Rwindex 60 50 40 [dB] 30 Curve of measured insulation 20 10 0 100 200 315 630 125 160 250 400 500 800 1250 2500 1000 1600 2000 3150 [Hz]

Standards – Calculation of the Rwindex ISO ref. curve Gemeten geluidsisolatiecurve Curve of measured insulation

Standards – Calculation of the Rwindex ISO ref. curve unfavourable variations Curve of measured insulation

Standards – Calculation of the Rwindex Sunf. var. = 191

Standards – Calculation of the Rwindex Sunf. v ar. = 143

Rw = 41 dB Standards – Calculation of the Rwindex Sunf. var.= 28 £ 32 : OK

Standards – Determination of C and Ctr terms Curve of measured insulation spectrum of adaptation C spectrum of adaptation Ctr

“average” of the spectrum of acoustical insulation Standards – Rw (C, Ctr) indexes How to understand Rw (C, Ctr) = 40 (-2, -5) ? Rw = 40

Standards – Rw (C, Ctr) indexes Level of insulation (dB) Frequency(Hz)

Rw + C = 38 Rw + Ctr = 35 Takes into account the high frequencies (acute sounds) Takes into account the low frequencies (shrill sounds) Standards – Rw (C, Ctr) indexes How to understand Rw (C, Ctr) = 40 (-2, -5) ? Rw (C, Ctr)

Standards – Rw (C, Ctr) indexes Rw + C “better” Rw + Ctr “worst” Level of insulation (dB) Frequency(Hz)

Standards – Application of the Rw (C, Ctr) index How to use and choose the index ? • Sound level which one must insulate oneself (dB) • Type of noise which one must insulate oneself (shrill or acute) • ex: Noise of a road traffic, noise of a rapid traffic, children playing, music of a discotheque

Standards – Application of the Rw (C, Ctr) index • Example Rw(C;Ctr) = 38 (-1; -4) dB Rw + C = 37 dB Rw + Ctr = 34 dB

Standards – Application of the Rw (C, Ctr) index

Glass and acoustic insulation 2008