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DAY 1: The Swingin Thirties and The Great Depression

DAY 1: The Swingin Thirties and The Great Depression. 1929-1939 Depression. Global debt: Germany and debt-could not pay Fr./G.B. who could not pay the US. Stock Market: 1924-1929 400% gain/ decline 30%. 5000 banks close First 3 years are the worst

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DAY 1: The Swingin Thirties and The Great Depression

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  1. DAY 1: The Swingin Thirties and The Great Depression

  2. 1929-1939 Depression • Global debt: Germany and debt-could not pay Fr./G.B. who could not pay the US. • Stock Market: 1924-1929 400% gain/ decline 30%. • 5000 banks close • First 3 years are the worst • 100,000 jobs a week are lost / 1 in 4 no work • Divorce / Desertion of families / Church update • Dust Bowl: 50 storms a year from 1932-39

  3. Facts about the decade: Population: 123,188,000 in 48 states Life Expectancy: Male, 58.1; Female, 61.6 Average salary: $1,368 Unemploymentrises to 25% Car Sales: 2,787,400 Lynching: 21

  4. Presidents of the 1930’s: Hoover and FDR. “Prosperity is right around the corner” “Our nation just needs a good joke” Just stay alive and you will win. Herbert Hoover aka: Trevor Franklin Delano Roosevelt :1933

  5. President HOOVER will put his faith in INDIVIDUALISM and ENTERPRISE of the common man. He said that LEGISLATION cannot resolve the Depression. Hoover continued to eat 7 course meals throughout His presidency. People wanted him to do something. Herbert Hoover: 1929-1933 Hands off approach

  6. Franklin Delano Roosevelt won the Democratic Party’s nomination. He was related to Theodore Roosevelt. He survived polio. He was governor of New York. Franklin Delano Roosevelt: 1933-1945

  7. Franklin Roosevelt Appealing blend of cheerfulness, optimism, and confidence An effective communicator (ex. fireside chats) A reform-minded Democrat Believed the government could solve economic and social problems Eleanor Roosevelt “Eyes and ears” of her husband Directed efforts to solve several major social issues (ex. lynching of African Americans) Wrote her own newspaper column Had the trust and affection of many Americans A Political Partnership

  8. DAY 2: The American Nightmare: DEPRESSION • People began to question democracy, capitalism, and individualism for the first time . Many democracies fell to dictators, especially at the end of the decade. • Between 1929 and 1932 the income of the average American family was reduced by 40%, from $2,300 to $1,500

  9. 1. The Federal Reserve slowed the growth of the money supply which put people in trouble. 2. This separated the rich and poor even more. 3. The Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 also contributed by taxing imported goods from other countries which choked the sale of US goods. 4. Farmers had also grown too much food during the 1920’s which created an oversupply. How did we get into this mess?

  10. What is a Hooverville? A shanty town, named after President Hoover, who felt that relief should be left to the private sector.

  11. HOBO CAMPS: Because of the shortage of silver no Indian head nickels were produced in 1932 or 1933.

  12. What was the DUST BOWL? • The Dust Bowl got its name after Black Sunday, April 14, 1935. • In 1932, 14 dust storms were recorded on the Plains. • In 1933, there were 38 storms. By 1934, it was estimated that 100 million acres of farmland had lost all or most of the topsoil to the winds. • "The impact is like a shovelful of fine sand flung against the face," Avis D. Carlson wrote in a New Republic article. The Dust Bowl lasted until 1936. 

  13. DUST BOWL LOCATION . . .

  14. DUST BOWL PICS:

  15. DUST BOWL PICS: Oakie leaving for California.

  16. Why has the population increased 1500% in the last 90 years in the SOUTHWEST?

  17. Here is why? • In the time period immediately preceding and during WWII, the expansion of military bases brought many workers to the Southwest. • Modern transportation, such as better highways, increased mobility, allowing people to travel and do business. • Since the end of WWII, tourism and recreation-oriented businesses have become increasingly important. IE: Disneyland • Many people are moving West for better quality of life, more open space, less congestion. IE: The Cold! • The growing elderly population has been drawn to the warm and sunny climate of the region. IE: Leisure World.

  18. FDR took office in 1933 and set right to work. The NEW DEAL attacked the farmers problems with series of programs? a. The AAA sought to regulate the supply of farm goods on the market, even destroying some crops and pigs. b. Roosevelt built 21 dams to provide the farmers electricity c. The soil Conservation helped farmers battle erosion d. The Commodity Credit Corporation allowed farmers to use collateral for loans. DAY 3: Relief, Recovery and Reform

  19. The RADIO and the NEW DEAL: • Radio reached its zenith of popularity in this decade. By 1939 about 80 percent of the population owned radio sets.  • Franklin Roosevelt used the medium in his "Fireside Chats" to influence public opinion.  (6min)

  20. Franklin Delano Roosevelt:

  21. WE CAN DO IT! (4minutes) • First is legalization of Prohibition. • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) • Helped unemployed young men 18 to 25 years old • Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA) • Helped farmers by paying them not to grow crops • National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) • Helped business by requiring that businesses in the same industry cooperate with each other to set prices and output • Started Public Works Administration (PWA) • Labor received federal protection for the right to organize. • Federal Securities Act • Helped investors, restored confidence in the markets • Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) • Helped build dams and other projects along the Tennessee River and its tributaries

  22. Mount Rushmore and the RELIEF: S. Dakota • Works Progress Association: • The artists employed by these projects (over 5,000 at one period of time) chose themes based on American culture and history. • The sculptor, Gutzon Borglum, was able to complete his Mount Rushmore Memorial with funds supplied by the WPA. Mount Rushmore is located in South Dakota

  23. Architecture: • Many of the nation's most memorable skyscrapers (the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building, and Rockefeller Center) were completed in the early 30's.

  24. Did the New Deal end the Depression? NO it did not. Did it help? Yes. The NEW DEAL supplied the following for Americans? a. Economic security: Dollars in peoples pockets. (RELIEF) b. Unemployment insurance (RELIEF) c. Social Security: Elderly income. (RELIEF) d. FDIC: Insured bank deposits : $5000.00 (REFORM) e. 1935 Wagner Act: allowed unionization of business. (REFORM: Long lasting and successful legislation) NEW DEAL: RELIEF, RECOVERY, and REFORM

  25. The New Deal’s true legacy was that the Federal Government has a responsibility to ensure the health of the nation's economy and the welfare of its citizens What was it like to live in those days? Click here! THE LEGACY OF THE NEW DEAL:

  26. MORE RADIO: • One of the most dramatic moments in radio history occurred on May 6, 1937, when the German airship Hindenburg burst into flames as it was about to land in Lakehurst, New Jersey.  The horror of the incident was conveyed live by the reporter Herb Morrison.  His reaction to what was happening in front of him still enthralls today. • On October 30, 1938, a twenty-three-year-old Orson Welles broadcast on his Mercury Theater of the Air  the H.G. Wells  storyWar of the Worlds.  The tale of a Martian invasion of Earth panicked a million listeners who mistook the play for a newscast.  • Such was the influence of radio in this its golden age.

  27. Other Depression stuff: Miniature golf courses, generated profits or more than $225 million. The game was said to “cure depression blues”. Supermarkets were now the mega stores instead of mom and pop stands. First in a wave of campus absurdist follies- the harbinger of phone booth stuffing, panty raids, and streaking. An average male could consume 150 in one sitting, the record is 300!!!

  28. Jive Talk 1930: Each decade has its jargon and the talk of the thirties was jive or swing. It was the fast-paced world of swing that gave birth to a lingo called jive. ( WRITE DOWN ONLY 5) A devotee of swing was an alligator; a female vocalist of a period a canary. All the musicians in a orchestra were the cast, not least the clarinetist who played the licorice stick. A dancer limb-flailing to swing music was a jitterbug. An ickie was a snub for a person who missed the appeal of swing. In the thirties hep and hip became interchangeable expressions for insiders. In a swing band all musical instruments carried jive names. Drums were hides or skins; a trumpet, tooted by a liver-lips, was the plumbing; a piano was an eighty-eight and the music was recorded on a platter.

  29. Airplane Jive Talk:

  30. THE END

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