ITU-T Activasteis on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields

1. ITU-CITET Regional Training Workshop on ICT and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Arab Region ITU-T Activasteis on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields Eiman Farouk Mahmoud OsmanSG5RG-ARB Chairman and SG5 Vice-chairman Tunis, Tunisia 12-13 July 2017

2. ITU-T Study Group 5: Environment, climate change and circular economy Lead Study Group for SG5 is responsable for: Studying ICT environmental aspects of electromagnetic phenomena and climate change. Studies on how to use ICTs to help countries and the ICT sector to adapt to the effects of environmental challenges, including climate change, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

3. Q3/5 - Human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from information and communication technologies (ICTs) ITU-T Activities on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Development and implementation of Standards Recommendation ITU-T K.83 Monitoring of EMF Levels Recommendation ITU-T K.70 EMF estimator Software EMF mobileapplication EMF Publications

4. ITU-T Recommendations on EMF assessment • Recommendation ITU-T K.52 (2000/2014/2016) - Guidance on complying with limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields – includes „K.52calculator software” • Recommendation ITU-T K.61 (2003/2008) - Guidance on measurement and numerical prediction of electromagnetic fields for compliance with human exposure limits for telecommunication installations • Recommendation ITU-T K.70 (2007/2016) - Mitigation techniques to limit human exposure to EMFs in the vicinity of radiocommunication stations – includes „EMF Estimator software” • Recommendation ITU-T K.83 (2011/2014) - Monitoring of electromagnetic field levels

5. ITU-T Recommendations on EMF assessment • Recommendation ITU-T K.90 (2012) - Evaluation techniques and working procedures for compliance with exposure limits of network operator personnel to power-frequency electromagnetic fields– includes EMFACDC software • Recommendation ITU-T K.91 (2012/2014) - Guidance for assessment, evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields – includes “Uncertainty calculator” and “Watt_Guard” software and Supplement “EMF-guide” • Recommendation ITU-T K.100 (2014) - Measurement of radio frequency electromagnetic fields to determine compliance with human exposure limits when a base station is put into service • Recommendation ITU-T K.113 (2015) - Generation of radiofrequency electromagnetic field level maps

6. ITU-T Recommendations on EMF assessment • Recommendation ITU-T K.121(2016) – Guidance on the environmental management for compliance with radio frequency EMF limits for radio communication base stations • Recommendation ITU-T K.122(2016) - Exposure levels in close proximity of radiocommunication antennas

7. ITU-T Recommendations – additional tools • Software: • K.52-calculator (Recommendation ITU-T K.52 - Guidance on complying with limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields) • EMF-estimator (Recommendation ITU-T K.70 - Mitigation techniques to limit human exposure to EMFs in the vicinity of radiocommunication stations)

8. ITU-T Recommendations – additional tools • Software: • EMFACDC (Recommendation K.90 - Evaluation techniques and working procedures for compliance with exposure limits of network operator personnel to power-frequency electromagnetic fields) • Uncertainty calculator (Recommendation ITU-T K.91 - Guidance for assessment, evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields) and „Watt_Guard” (Recommendation K.91) • Application for smartphones and tablets on EMF: Supplement 1 to Recommendation ITU-T K.91 “Guide on electromagnetic fields and health”

9. EMF Considerationsfor City Planners and Developers ITU has developed a Technical Report & Checklist on “EMF considerations in smart sustainable cities”. • provides guidance on implementation, and promotes efficient deployment of wireless networks in smart sustainable cities; • features a ‘Smart Sustainable City EMF Checklist’; • designed to provide an easy to use reference for city officials and planners to ensure smart sustainable city policies operate efficiently and comply with EMF exposure standards; • references WHO materials, ICNIRP Guidelines, ITU-T Recommendations and IEC Standards. Wireless networks provide vital connections for smart sustainable cities Efficient deployment of wireless infrastructure reduces transmitted power from networks and devices, reduces EMF, and improves the efficiency of ICTs

10. ITU-T Publications and EMF Mobile App ITU EMF Guide and Mobile App produced and translated into the six UN languages. A Malaysian version was launched in April 2016. Report on “Monitoring of electromagnetic field levels in Latin America” This Report provides an overview on how compliance with national and international standards can assist the management and mitigation of public concerns pertaining to EMF, making it easier to garner social acceptance for the installation of new wireless technologies.

11. Main achievements of the last ITU-T SG5 meeting on EMF (15-24 May 2017) Draft Recommendation ITU-T K.BPrac • Draft Recommendation ITU-T K.Bprac - Best Practices of the use of mobile devices for exposure reductionwill present the best practices of the use of the mobile devices for the currently available services and will contain two parts: • Best practices presented in a way understandable for the general public; • Best practices presented with scientific justifications.

12. EMF measurements in areas close to metallic objects To address the problem of the results of measurements made in close proximity to metallic objects it was decided to revise Recommendation ITU-T K.61 - Guidance to measurement and numerical prediction of electromagnetic fields for compliance with human exposure limits for telecommunication installationin order to include guidance concerning this problem. The influence on the results of measurements is substantial.

13. New mobile App - EMF Exposure Anatel (Brazil) developed a mobile application „EMF Exposure” • allow users to calculate the total exposure ratio due to base stations; • the calculation is done based on information of antenna's height, transmitting frequency, vertical half-power angle, transmitting power, and tilt (ITU-T K.52 - Guidance on complying with limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields); • it is now available for testing.

14. Impact of 5G technology on EMF • The 5G system is planned for implementation in 2020. • It is important to consider the impact of 5G technology with many new solutions (frequencies above 6 GHz, massive MIMO antennas, big number of micro base stations, IoT etc.) for the totalexposure level. • All ITU-T members are encouraged to deliver contributions concerning this important subject especially on: • the impact of 5G technologies on the compliance assessment methodology; • the deployment of smart antennas; • the use of Software Defined Radio; • the communication and understanding among stakeholders and general public related to the effect on human health.

15. Method used in Sudan to reduce carbon dioxide emission from radio station. The National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) has issued regulations and directive obligating operators to: 1. Use of devices and equipment conforming with approved international specification and standardizations accepted. A laboratory was established for the examination if the devices and equipment imported to the country with the aim to reduce energy power consumed and reduce carbon dioxide and other gases emission and hence reduce also the electronic waste generated.

16. Method used in Sudan to reduce carbon dioxide emission from radio station: 2. Infrastructure Sharing: • NTC has done: • Consultation paper in 2011 • Guideline for infrastructure sharing in 2012, include: • Goals of infrastructure Sharing • Types of infrastructure Sharing • General terms and conditions, and • Procedures. 3. Establish committee in 2015 consisting of (all the relevant part from NTC and MNO), to: • Prepare a road map to enable the Infrastructure Sharing • Put method to audit and focus in all cases related to the issue • And study the legal hubs

17. Method used in Sudan to reduce carbon dioxide emission from radio station: • The committee has proposed to encourage and stimulate MNO’s to implement the infrastructure sharing, NTC shall do: • When we find more than three BTS’s in the same area, NTC could replaced by another BTS ready to run all operators. • The cost of transfer this BTS’s will be paid by NTC. • Will be use all BTS’s are removed in rural areas (USF Projects). • Number of Towers in Sudan 6320 there 158 sharable and 1400 compatible to share in the future also there 147 towers built by NTC (Universal Service) .

18. Method used in Sudan to reduce carbon dioxide emission from radio station: 3. Use of renewable energy Solar Energy(290 Towers). Advantages: - Renewable Energy Source - Reduces Electricity Bills - Diverse Applications - Low Maintenance Costs - Technology Development

19. Method used in Sudan to reduce carbon dioxide emission from radio station. 4. Use of hybrid energy(956 Towers), Advantages: • Supply radio and microwave equipment. • Reducing duty of the standard DC power system. • Save fossil fuels. • Save maintenance of diesel generator. • Save access to dangerous sites. • Have control of site conditions. • CO2 reduction.

20. Climate Risk Mitigation Project • The project Established by Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Physical Development (MoENRPD)), and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in October 2014. • It is best solution in Sudan is to improve national and decentralized capacities to provide timely forecasts and early warnings, as well as complementary micro-finance and weather-based index insurance services for rain-fed farmers and pastoralists to improve their ability to manage and adapt to climate risks. Specifically, the solution will include:

21. Climate Risk Mitigation Project • Improving weather/climate and land cover/crop monitoring capabilities to enhance flood and drought forecasting and climate services for the insurance sector; • Revitalizing and improving targeted climate/weather and agricultural advisory services for SRFP; • Enhancing weather/climate data sharing and communication among information production agencies, the Ministries of Agriculture/Livestock, the Disaster Risk Management Unit (HAC), MFIs, insurance companies, extension officers, farmer and pastoral trade unions; • Designing and applying microfinance products geared towards rain-fed farmers and pastoralists which include flexible payment schedules and collateral requirements; • Designing and piloting weather-index based insurance products (and associated regulatory frameworks), which are suitable to the particular climate zones and farmer/pastoralist’s economic and social livelihood characteristics; • Increasing the number of credit and insurance marketing outlets in the rural areas as well as mobile banking/insurance services; • Linking access to credit and complementary WII services by strengthening the institutional capacities of financial service providers on national and state levels; • Facilitating the adoption of adaptation technologies using MF/WII services and on-the-farm training (including participation by farmer/pastoralist trades unions and women’s associations); • Strengthening capacities of agencies involved with climate/weather/agricultural monitoring on technical, operational and human resource levels, emphasizing long-term budget needs; and • Mainstreaming weather/climate monitoring into the national, state and sectorial planning in the broader context of supporting financial services and climate change risk reduction.

22. Climate Risk Mitigation Project Has three components/outcomes: • Component 1: Institutional framework and capacity building for sustainable climate observation and early warning. • Outcome 1: Institutional and technical capacity for climate observation, forecasting and early warning strengthened at national and local level. • Component 2: Capacities to design and deploy Weather Index Insurance to address residual risk and promote long term adaptation. • Outcome 2: Residual climate risk to rural livelihoods in states of greatest rainfall variability addressed through parametric insurance products. • Component 3: Financial service provision for farmers and pastoralists to increase adaptive capacity of rural livelihoods. • Outcome 3: Improved access of needy farmers and pastoralists to financial services for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. - Duration of this project about 4 years 2014-2018. • Benefits: • Use ICT for early warning. • Establish an institutional framework and capacity building that will lead to climate monitoring, weather forecasting and early warning, on a sustainable basis.- • Develop capacity to disseminate and disseminate weather indicators to address the impacts of climate risks and promote long-term adaptation. • Provide a financing service for farmers and pastoralists to increase their ability to adapt to their livelihoods.

23. ITU-T SG5 Regional Groups SG5RG-ARB ITU-T SG5 Regional Group for the Arab Region SG5RG-APITU-T SG5 Regional Group for Asia and the Pacific SG5RG-LATAMITU-T SG5 Regional Group for the Latin American Region SG5 RG-AFR ITU-T SG5 Regional Group for the Africa Region

24. ITU-T SG5RG-ARB ITU-T SG5 Regional Group for the Arab Region Objective: The dissemination of the studies on electromagnetic environment, human exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF), e-waste and circular economy, achieving energy efficiency, smart energy and utilizing ICT for dealing with climate change; to encourage the participation of its countries. Chairman: Eiman Farouk Mahmoud Osman More information at: tsbsg5@itu.int Vice-chairman: Nevine Mounir Tewfik Loutfi

25. Why should you join ITU-T SG5RG-ARB? • To foster discussions and studies on the challenges related to the EMC, EMF effects on health, circular economy, protection of the environment and other challenges within the Arab region; • To contribute to the development of new or revised ITU-T Recommendations, Supplements and Technical Reports on the issues covered under SG5 mandate; • To suggest new work items to SG5 as per the needs of the region; • To collaborate with all relevant stakeholders to work towards the objectives of the Connect 2020 Agenda, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement, among others.

26. Thankyou ITU-T, Environment Climate Change and Circular Economyhttp://itu.int/go/tsg05 tsbsg5@itu.int