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Understanding Blood: Composition, Function, and Disorders

Learn about the composition of blood, its functions in the body, and various blood disorders. Explore topics such as plasma, red and white blood cells, platelets, blood clotting, different blood types, and bone marrow transplants.

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Understanding Blood: Composition, Function, and Disorders

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  1. Chapter 12 Blood

  2. Blood • Average adult body has 8-10 pints of blood • Function of the blood • Transport • Regulatory • Protection

  3. Blood Composition • Plasma • Erythrocytes or red blood cells • Leukocytes or white blood cells • Thrombocytes or platelets

  4. Blood Plasma • Straw colored • Comprises about 55% of the blood volume • Water • 92% of the total volume of plasma • Plasma proteins • Fibrinogen • Albumin • Globulin

  5. Blood Plasma • Nutrients • Electrolytes • Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes • Metabolic waste products

  6. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) • Hematopoiesis is the formation of all blood cells • Occurs in the red bone marrow • Certain lymphatic tissue produces some white blood cells • Develop from stem cells

  7. Erythropoiesis • The manufacture of red blood cells (RBCs) • RBCs live about 120 days • Process of development and breakdown • Normal ranges

  8. Hemoglobin • Erythrocytes contain a red pigment called hemoglobin • Made of protein molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme • Function of RBCs • Normal ranges • Hemolysis

  9. White Blood Cells (WBCs) • Called leukocytes • Natural defense against injury and disease • Types of leukocytes • Granulocytes • Agranulocytes • Diapedesis • Normal ranges

  10. Types of WBCs – Granulocytes • Made from cells called myeloblasts • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils

  11. Types of WBCs – Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes • B-lymphocytes • T-lymphocytes • Monocytes

  12. Animation – The Blood Click Here to play Blood animation

  13. Inflammation • Occurs when living tissue is damaged in any way • Signs and symptoms • Redness • Local heat • Swelling • Pain • The inflammatory process

  14. Thrombocytes (Blood Platelets) • Function in the initiation of the blood-clotting process • Normal ranges • Blood-clotting or coagulation process is complex

  15. Coagulation • Injury leads to release of serotonin and thromboplastin • Prothrombin converts to thrombin • Fibrinogen converts to fibrin • Clot • Clotting time norms

  16. Blood Types • Types • A • B • AB • O • Antigens and antibodies

  17. Blood Types • Agglutination • Recipient and donor matching • Universal donors • RH factors

  18. Blood Norms • Bleeding time • Coagulation time • Hemoglobin count • Platelet count • Prothrombin time

  19. Blood Norms • Sedimentation rate • Red blood cell count • White blood cell count • Cholesterol level

  20. Disorders of the Blood • Anemia • Iron-deficiency anemia • Pernicious anemia • Aplastic anemia • Sickle cell anemia

  21. Disorders of the Blood • Cooley’s anemia • Polycythemia • Embolism • Thrombosis • Hematoma

  22. Disorders of the Blood • Hemophilia • Thombocytopenia • Leukemia • Septicemia • Multiple myeloma

  23. Bone Marrow Transplants • Autologous bone marrow transplant • Allogenic bone marrow transplant • Identical twin • Parent • Unrelated • Umbilical cord

  24. Bone Marrow Transplants • Bone marrow transplant procedure • Engraftment

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