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Anxiety and Related Disorders

Anxiety and Related Disorders. How do we identify and treat anxiety disorders?. Anxiety Disorders. Affects 2–5% of the child population. Affects 20–30% of students referred to clinics for behavior problems. Equal prevalence in boys and girls. Have both social and biological causes.

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Anxiety and Related Disorders

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  1. Anxiety and Related Disorders How do we identify and treat anxiety disorders?

  2. Anxiety Disorders • Affects 2–5% of the child population. • Affects 20–30% of students referred to clinics for behavior problems. • Equal prevalence in boys and girls. • Have both social and biological causes. • Appear amenable to social learning approaches.

  3. Interventions for School Phobia • Desensitize the child’s fear by role playing. • Reinforce school attendance, even for brief periods. • Include matter-of-fact parental statements that child will go back to school. • Remove reinforcers for staying home.

  4. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder • OCD may include: • Washing, checking, or other repetitive motor behavior • Cognitive compulsions consisting of words, phrases, prayers, or sequences of numbers • Obsessional slowness • Doubts and questions that elevate anxiety

  5. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder • Repeatedly perceived memories of the trauma. • Repetitive behaviors that may be similar to obsessions or compulsions. • Fears linked to the traumatic event. • Altered attitudes toward people, life, or the future, reflecting feelings of vulnerability.

  6. Stereotyped Movement Disorders • Involuntary, repetitious, persistent, nonfunctional acts over which the individual can exert at least some voluntary control. • Self-stimulation • Self-injury • Tics • Tourette’s syndrome

  7. Selective Mutism • Children who are reluctant to speak although they know how to converse normally. • May be a response to: • Trauma • Abuse • Social Anxiety • Most effective interventions incorporate social learning principles.

  8. Eating Disorders • Anorexia • Bulimia • Pica • Rumination • Highly exclusive food preferences • Obesity

  9. Elimination Disorders • Enuresis • Encopresis

  10. Sexual Problems • Autoerotic activity • Incest • Masochism

  11. Social Isolation • Intervention using social skills training • Modeling • Rehearsal • Guided Practice • Feedback

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