Introduction to Organizational Behavior

1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Organizational Behavior

2. Introduction • Organizations - more than a means for providing goods and services • Organizations create the Settings in which most of us spend Our Lives • Organizations have a profound Influence on Human Behavior

3. Environmental Forces Reshaping Management Practice Power of Human Resources Cultural Diversity Globalism Technology New Worker- Employer “Psychological Contract” Rapidity of Change

4. Resisting the reality of these forces will lead to: Unnecessary Conflict Reduced Performance– Both Managerial and Non-Managerial Lost Opportunities Challenges of These Forces to Managers

5. Failing to cope and deal with these forces will likely result in: Job Dissatisfaction Poor Morale Reduced Commitment Lower work Quality Burnout Poor Judgment Other Unhealthy Consequences Challenges of These Forces to Managers

6. Origins of Management Frederic Taylor’s “Scientific Management” Principles Henri Fayol’s “Functions of Management”

7. Taylor’s Scientific Management Principles • Develop a science for each element of an employee’s job: • Replaced old “rule-of-thumb” method • Scientifically selectand train, and develop the worker: • In the past, a worker chose the work to do and was self-trained

8. Taylor’s Scientific Management Principles (cont’d) • Cooperate with each other to insure all work is done in accordance with the principles of science. • There is an almost equal division of work and responsibility between managers and non-managers.

9. Emphasized the importance of: Planning Organizing Commanding Coordinating Controlling Fayol’s Functions of Management

10. Management is a separate body of knowledge that can be applied in any organization. A theory of management can be learned and taught. There is a need for teaching management in colleges. Fayol’s Functions of Management

11. Organizational Behavior (OB) • The study of Human Behavior, Attitudes, and Performance within an organization: • drawing on Theory, Methods, and Principles from many disciplines - Psychology, Sociology, Political Science, and Cultural Anthropology • to learn about Individual, Groups, Structure, and Processes

12. Contributions to the Study of OB Output Discipline Unit of Analysis Psychology Individual Sociology Organizational Behavior Social Psychology Group Anthropology Organization Political Science

13. Some Key Points About OB • OB is a Way of Thinking • OB is Multi-disciplinary • There is a Humanistic Orientation in OB • The field of OB is Performance-Oriented • Role of the Scientific Method is important in studying variablesand relationships • OB has an Applications Orientation

14. The Hawthorne Studies What is the “Hawthorne Effect” Original Purpose?

15. The Hawthorne Studies Lessons Learned: • The “Hawthorne Effect” • Group “Norms” and Social Pressures Impact Productivity

16. OB Topics Organization’s Environment Group Behavior and Interpersonal Influence Understanding and Managing Individual Behavior Change and Innovation Organizational Structure Organizational Processes

17. Basic Elements of a System Inputs Process Outputs Environment

18. 3 Perspectives on Effectiveness Group Effectiveness Organizational Effectiveness Individual Effectiveness

19. OB Intro: Key Points • The key to an organization’s Success is its Human Resources • Organizations need Human Resources that: • Work Hard • Think Creatively • Perform with Excellence

20. OB Intro: Key Points • Managers mustReward,Encourage,andNurture human resources in a timely and meaningful manner. • The Behavior of employees is the Keyto achieving organizationalEffectiveness.