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J. Hwang, T. He, Y. Kim Presented by Shan Gao. Detecting Phantom Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks. Introduction. Target the scenarios where attackers announce phantom nodes . Phantom node Fake their ranging information Identify and filter out A location map for individual nodes
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J. Hwang, T. He, Y. Kim Presented by Shan Gao Detecting Phantom Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction • Target the scenarios where attackers announce phantom nodes. • Phantom node • Fake their ranging information • Identify and filter out • A location map for individual nodes • A visual representation on the locations of neighbors of a node
Prevent phantom nodes from generating consistent ranging claims to multiple honest nodes. • If the phantom nodes generate a set of inconsistent ranging claims, they can be detected. • Only distances to other neighboring nodes are allowed to be claimed, not the location information.
Idea • To prevent phantom nodes generating a set of fake we can: • Accepting any ranging claims, not location claims • Hiding the location information during the ranging phase.
Problem Definition • Nbr(v) neighbor of v and v • D the distance set • measured distance • calculated distance • A set of nodes is consistent, if they can be projected on the unique Euclidean plane, keeping the measured distances among themselves.
Approach • 2 phases • Distance measurement phase • Each node measures the distances to its neighbors. • TOA, TDOA • Filtering phase • Each node projects its neighboring nodes to a virtual local plane to determine the largest consistent subset of nodes. • Eventually, each node establishes a local view without phantom nodes. • Useful in location-based routing and sensing coverage.
1. Distance measurement phase • Measures distance to each neighbor through a certain ranging method such as TDOA or TOA. • Announces the measured distances. • Collect neighbors’ announcement on the measured distances to their neighbors. • Compare collected data. • Prevent attack: round robin fashion announcement
2. Filtering phase • Each node v randomly picks up 2 neighbors to construct a coordinate system. • Use a graph G(V, E) to construct a consistent subset. • If , drop this edge. • The largest connected set V that contains node v is regarded as the largest consistent subset. • ε depends on the noise in the ranging measurement. • Repeat iter times. The cluster with the largest size is chosen as a final result.
Locations of nodes, node 6 is a phantom node. Computed plane from pivot 0, 5, 18 Computed plane from pivot 0, 6, 18
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