Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope: Science Highlights and Requests to INFN - 2012

1. Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Status and Requests to INFN - 2012 R. Bellazzini INFN-Pisa Fermi Italian program manager

2. Outline • 2011 Science Highlights • Catalogs (sources, PSR, GRBs) • Crab flares • Positron spectrum • Pass8 reconstruction • Paper status • Attivita’ a Pisa • Richieste

3. Fermi began 2010 with recognition as one of the top 10 science breakthroughs of 2009 Science, December 2009 Breakthrough of the Year was thereconstruction of the 4.4-million-year-old Ardipithecus ramidusskeleton • 2011 began with award of the Bruno Rossi Prize of the AAS to the Fermi LAT team FERMI TEAM WINS TOP HIGH-ENERGY PRIZE The 2011 Rossi Prize has been awarded to two scientists and the team of the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. The prize was given for new insights into neutron stars, supernova remnants, cosmic rays, binary systems, active galactic nuclei, and gamma-ray bursts that their work enabled… January 20, 2011

4. The 2011 Fermi Symposium 400 attendees - 95 talks - 310 posters

5. Non-trivial Trivia • June 11 - 3 years in orbit • >16k orbits • ~180B triggers in space • >99% uptime • ~600 M photons • > 8 TB public data served

6. Towards the 2 year Fermi LAT Source catalog 28M photons initial dataset Updated diffuse emission model Includes 12 extended source (SNR, CenA, LMC, SMC ..) Test additional spectral hypothesis beyond simple PL (logparabola, exponential cut-off for PSR)

7. 2FGL Classifications

8. Towards a second Fermi PSR Catalog Green -- 34 radio ephemeris (young, and not-so-young) Red – 27 radio MSP Blue – 27 = 26 blind g search+geminga There were 46 in the “1st Fermi Pulsar Catalog”, Abdo et al. ApJS 187, 460 (2010)

9. Fermi GRB detections as of 2011-01-20 Circles: In Field-of-view of LAT (<70˚): 275 Out of the FOV Squares: LAT detections ~550 GBM GRB (since Aug 2008) 27 LAT GRB (7 LAT LLE-only GRB) 11 months Fermi LAT count map PRELIMINARY First Fermi LAT GRB catalog in preparation

10. Gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula Science 331, 817 (2010); seen by AGILE and Fermi LAT 1st reports of variability of high-energy γ-ray emission from Crab nebula brief flare timescales (4 days) imply compact flaring region: L < Dct < 1.4x10-2 pc (1.5 arcsec) structures this small only found in inner part of nebula, close to the pulsar wind termination shock, the base of the jet, or the pulsar. Spectral energy distribution (25 months) synchrotron average spectrum Compton February 2009 September 2010 spectrum and short flare time scales imply that emission is synchrotron radiation (electron cooling timescales for IC emission & bremsstrahlung ≥ 107 yr.) detection of synchrotron photons up to ≥ 1 GeV implies electrons accelerated to ≥ 1 PeV in the nebula. efficiency of synchrotron losses requires a strong electric field to compensate; severe difficulties for diffusive shock acceleration mechanism.

11. average Crab flux: (2.9 +/- 0.1) x10-6 ph/cm2/sec peak flux on April 14: (12.1 +/-0.6) x10-6 ph/cm2/sec Brightest source in the sky during the 2011 flare

12. Positrons with the LAT - principle CRE candidates selected with standard electron event selection

13. Positrons with the LAT – background plus a pure Monte-Carlo based estimation of proton contamination (similar to inclusive CRE analysis)

14. Positron spectrum with the LAT Two methods in agreements Confirms rising positron fraction from Pamela

15. CRE and Earth field for energy scale • Mesaure CRE spectrum and fit cutoff at different geomagnetic locations in the orbit • Compare with tracer expectations for cutoff • Deriven energy scale known with 2% accuracy between 6 and 13 GeV

16. Pass8 – Maximizing the science return from the Fermi Large Area Telescope

17. Pass8 – Handling ghost events • g-ray overlaid with instrumental pile-up (before Pass8) • Estimated deposited energy is wrong • Calorimeter centroid and axis are wrong • Overall calorimeter topology is wrong: a good g-ray is rejected!

18. Pass8 – recovering ghost events • g-ray overlaid with instrumental pile-up (Pass8) • g-ray and ghost separated; energy deposit, centroid and axis are correct • Classification stage added downstream the clustering • The first cluster looks like a g-ray: the event is recovered!

19. Pass8 - Schedule

20. Collaboration publications

21. Fermi papers and citations citations papers h index = 35

22. Fermi LAT papers and citations Total citations to LAT papers: 4,119 # citations 2,320 citations to date of ~100 Fermi LAT Collaboration papers 456 432 245 207 194 174 127 115 • “Measurement of the Cosmic Ray e++ e- Spectrum from 20 GeV to 1 TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope” (05/2009) • “The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Mission” (09/2008) • “Fermi/Large Area Telescope Bright Gamma-Ray Source List” (07/2009) • “Bright Active Galactic Nuclei Source List from the First Three Months of the Fermi Large Area Telescope All-Sky Survey” (07/2009) • “Fermi Observations of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from GRB 080916C” (03/2009) • “The First Fermi LAT Catalog of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources” (06/2010) • “The First Fermi LAT Catalog of Gamma-Ray Pulsars” (04/2010) • “A limit on the variation of the speed of light arising from quantum gravity effects” (11/2009)

23. Top 20 publications in astrophysics published in 2009 Source: NASA ADS • 1. Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Cosmological Interpretation • Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Likelihoods and Parameters from the WMAP Data • Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results • An anomalous positron abundance in cosmic rays with energies 1.5-100GeV • The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey • Measurement of the Cosmic Ray e++ e- Spectrum from 20 GeV to 1 TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope • A theory of dark matter • The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Mission • Search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles with the First Five-Tower Data from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search at the Soudan Underground Laboratory • The Chemical Composition of the Sun • New Measurement of the Antiproton-to-Proton Flux Ratio up to 100 GeV in the Cosmic Radiation • Model-independent implications of the e, p¯ cosmic ray spectra on properties of Dark Matter • Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Angular Power Spectra • Improved Dark Energy Constraints from ~100 New CfA Supernova Type Ia Light Curves • Fermi Large Area Telescope Bright Gamma-Ray Source List • High-Resolution CMB Power Spectrum from the Complete ACBAR Data Set • Lectures on holographic methods for condensed matter physics • Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation • Pulsars as the sources of high energy cosmic ray positrons • A Redetermination of the Hubble Constant with the Hubble Space Telescope from a Differential Distance Ladder

24. Top 20 publications in astrophysics published in 2010 Source: NASA ADS • 1. f(R) theories of gravity • Dark Matter Search Results from the CDMS II Experiment • Herschel Space Observatory. An ESA facility for far-infrared and submillimetre astronomy • Baryon acoustic oscillations in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 galaxy sample • Fermi Large Area Telescope First Source Catalog • First Dark Matter Results from the XENON100 Experimentt • The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory • The Herschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance • Spectra and Hubble Space Telescope Light Curves of Six Type Ia Supernovae at 0.511 < z • The diversity and similarity of simulated cold dark matter haloes • The First Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars • Cosmological constraints from the clustering of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7 luminous red galaxies • Understanding the origin of CMB constraints on dark energy • f(R) Theories • Thermodynamical aspects of gravity: new insights • Discovery of z ~ 8 Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field from Ultra-Deep WFC3/IR Observations • Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introduction and First Results • The First Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope • Spectrum of the Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission Derived from First-Year Fermi Large Area Telescope Data • HAT-P-11b: A Super-Neptune Planet Transiting a Bright K Star in the Kepler Field

25. collaboration science group leads (March 2011) Analysis Coordinator Gino Tosti CR bubble Carmelo Sgro MariaElena Monzani Legend Rotating out INFN

26. Attivita’ a Pisa per il 2011/2012 • Collaboration management • SSAC, Speakers Bureau • Instrument calibration and performance • Group coordination (meetings, papers) • Pass8 • CAL clustering and classification • Validation datasets • Event selection • Instrument Operations • Data monitoring coordination and shifts • Pipeline operations

27. Attivita’ a Pisa per il 2009/2010 • Cosmic Ray Electron analysis • Group coordination (meetings, papers) • Pass8 CRE event selection • Updated energy spectrum • Charge resolved spectra • Galactic sources • Blind search for binary stars • Extension to ms PSR • Dark Matter • Group coordination (meetings, papers)

28. Gruppo Fermi INFN-Pisa

29. Richieste Finanziarie anno 2010 * profilo di spesa costante per i prossimi 3 anni

30. Richieste Personale Sezione Pisa anno 2010 * (0.15 FTE, 2mu per 3 FTE)