SEABEE COMBAT WARFARE COMMON CORE

1. SEABEE COMBAT WARFARECOMMON CORE

2. Weapons Fundamentals References: (a) NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1 (b) NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunner’ s Mate (c ) FMFM 0-8, Basic Marksmanship (d) TM-1005A-10/1. Operators Manual Pistol Semi-Automatic 9mm M9

3. Overview Weapon Safety Weapon conditions Weapons Hazard Immediate Action Firing Cycle Automatic operation Semi automatic operation

4. Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 108.1 State the for rules of weapon safety. References: (c, Ch 3) FMFM-09 Rifle Marksmanship

5. Weapon Safety #1 Treat every weapon as if it were loaded. #2 Never point any weapon at anything you do not intend to shoot, kill, or destroy. #3 Keep you finger straight and off the trigger until you are ready to fire. #4 Keep the weapon on “safe” until you are ready to fire.

6. Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 108.2 Define the four weapon conditions: a. Condition one b. Condition two c. Condition three d. Condition four References: (c, Ch 3) FMFM-09 Rifle Marksmanship

7. Conditions Condition One - Magazine is inserted, a round must be in position to fire (chambered), the safety is on. Condition Two - Magazine is inserted, a round must be in position to fire (chambered), the weapons action is closed, the hammer must be forward. Applies to weapons with external hammers such as the M9 Service pistol. (Does not apply to the M16)

8. Conditions Condition Three - Magazine is inserted, chamber is empty, the action is closed and the safety is on. Condition Four - All ammo is removed, the chamber is empty, the action is closed and the safety is on.

9. Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 108.3 Describe the precautions required when handling a weapon. References: (b, Ch 3) Gunner’s Mate

10. Precautions Apply the 4 rules of weapon safety. Unless the weapon is to be used immediately, never carry it with a round in the chamber. Ensure there are no obstructions in the bore before loading it. Load only ammunition into a weapon that is designed to be fired in that weapon. Do not load cartridges that are dented, corroded, have oiled casings or bullets, or loose bullets.

11. Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 108.4 Describe the following terms, hazards, and immediate actions associated with each: a. Malfunction b. Misfire c. Cook off d. Stoppage References: (a, Ch 3) NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1

12. Malfunction The failure of a weapon to function satisfactorily is usually because of excess friction caused by dirt, improper lubrication or carbon buildup. Immediate action - You must stop and clean the weapon to correct this problem.

13. Misfire A complete failure to fire, NOT a delay in firing that may be caused by a faulty firing mechanism or a faulty element in the propelling charge explosive train. Immediate action - The following steps are to be followed: Strike the forward assist to be sure the extractor has engaged a round. Tap upward on the magazine to ensure it is fully seated.

14. Misfire Pull the charging handle to the rear. If round is ejected, released handle, strike forward assist and attempt to fire. If round is not ejected, check for a round in the chamber, if it is clear, released handle, strike forward assist and attempt to fire. If a round is stuck in the chamber it must be removed before attempting to reload/re-chamber.

15. Cook Off  The ignition of any or all of the explosive components of a cartridge chambered in a hot weapon due to the heat from continual firing of that weapon. Immediate action - When this occurs: Attempt to remove the cartridge before ten seconds elapse.

16. Cook Off If a cartridge is chambered in a hot weapon and can neither be fired or removed, keep the weapon pointed in a safe direction. Allow for a minimum of 15 minutes to elapse before taking any further action.

17. Stoppage Any interruption in the cycle of functioning caused by faulty action of the weapon or ammunition. Immediate action - Without analyzing the cause the following steps are to be followed: Strike the forward assist to be sure the extractor has engaged a round. Tap upward on the magazine to ensure it is fully seated.

18. Stoppage Pull the charging handle to the rear. If round is ejected, released handle, strike forward assist and attempt to fire. If round is not ejected, check for a round in the chamber, if it is clear, released handle, strike forward assist and attempt to fire. If a round is stuck in the chamber it must be removed before attempting to reload/re-chamber.

19. Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 109.5: State the eight steps of operation in a firing cycle. References: (a, Ch 3) NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1

20.  Cycle of Operation Every weapon has a cycle of operation. This cycle is a group of actions that takes place upon the firing of one round and that must occur before firing of the next round. There are eight steps in the cycle.

21.  Cycle of Operation Feeding - The feeding action places a round in the receiver just to the rear of the chamber. Chambering - Takes place as the moving bolt strips the round and forces it into the chamber. Locking - Holds the bolt in the forward position for a short period of time to prevent the loss of gas pressure.

22.  Cycle of Operation Firing - The firing pin actually strikes the primer of the cartridge. Unlocking - After the round is fired, the bolt unlocks and moves rearward. Extracting - The process of pulling the empty case back out of the chamber. As the bolt moves rearward extraction occurs

23.  Cycle of Operation Ejecting - As the casing is extracted, ejection occurs as it is thrown out of the weapon. Cocking - The retraction of the firing mechanism against spring pressure so that there will be sufficient energy to fire the next cartridge.

24. Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 108.6: Explain the differences between semiautomatic and automatic operation References: (a, Ch 3) NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1

25.  Semiautomatic Operation A semiautomatic weapon unlocks, extracts, ejects, cocks and reloads automatically. However, the trigger must be pulled each time to fire a round.

26. Automatic Operation A automatic weapon unlocks, extracts, ejects, cocks and reloads automatically. An automatic weapon will fire as long as the trigger is pulled and rounds are available to fire.

27. Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 108.7: Define the following terms: a. Trajectory b. Breech c. Bore d. Chamber e. Muzzle f. Muzzle velocity g. Max range h. Max effective range References: (a) NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1

28.  Terms Trajectory - The flight path the bullet takes from the weapon to the target. Breech - The rear end of the barrel. Bore - The actual hole in the barrel. It can be rifled or not.

29.  Terms Chamber - The enlarged part of the bore at the breech that holds the cartridge. Muzzle - The front or forward end of the barrel. Muzzle Velocity - The speed at which the bullet travels when it leaves the muzzle of the barrel.

30.  Terms Maximum Range - The greatest distance a round will travel. Maximum Effective Range - The greatest distance at which a weapon may be expected to fire accurately to inflict damage or casualties.

31. Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 109.8: Describe small arms ammunition by using color codes: a. Orange or red b. Violet c. Black d. Aluminum e. Green References: (a) NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1 (c) FMFM 0-8, Basic Markmanship

32.  Ammunition Colors Orange or Red - Tracer rounds. Violet - Blank Rounds. Black - Armor piercing. Aluminum - Armor piercing, incendiary. Green or Brass - Standard “ball” ammunition.

33. Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 109.9: State the maximum range, maximum effective range, purpose/ tactical employment types of fire, and types of ammunition for the following weapons: -9mm pistol (d, Ch 1) -M16 Rifle (a, Ch 3) -M203 grenade launcher (a, Ch 13) -M500 shotgun (b, Ch 3)

34. M9 9mm Service Pistol

35. Semi-automatic Magazine fed Recoil Operated Double Action or single action firing pistol Current issue sidearm M9 9mm Service Pistol

36. Capabilities/Characteristics Length -8.54 in Weight - 2.12 lbs Weight fully loaded (15 rnd mag) - 2.54 lbs Magazine capacity - 15 rounds Muzzle velocity - 1230/fps Max range – 1800 m Max effective range - 50 m Ammunition - Fires 9mm Ball ammo M9 9mm Service Pistol

37. Safety Features The M9 pistol has only ONE safety. However, it has THREE SAFETY FEATURES. M9 9mm Service Pistol

38. Ambidextrous Safety - Allows for safe operation of the pistol by right and left handed users. Lowers the hammer safely without causing an accidental discharge. Firing Pin Block - Prevents any motion of the firing pin and is only overcome by pulling the trigger. M9 9mm Service Pistol

39. Half Cock Notch - Prevents accidental discharge. If the cocked hammer should fall forward due to a mechanical failure, this would catch on the sear before the hammer would strike the firing pin. M9 9mm Service Pistol

42. M16A2E3 5.56mm Rifle

43. Description Lightweight Gas operated Air cooled Magazine fed Shoulder fired Semi-automatic or fully automatic M16A2E3 5.56mm Rifle

44. Modes of Fire Semiautomatic Fire mode - When a single shot is fired. The trigger must be pulled each shot. Automatic Fire mode - Rifle will continue to fire as long as the trigger is held back. M16A2E3 5.56mm Rifle

45. Capabilities/Characteristics Length w/flash suppressor -39 in Length of barrel w/flash suppressor -21 in Weight - 7.8 lbs Weight fully loaded (30 rnd mag) - 8.79 lbs M16A2E3 5.56mm Rifle

46. Magazine capacity - 20/30 rounds Muzzle velocity - 3100/fps Max range - 3534 m Max effective range - Pt Tgt - 550 m and Area Tgt - 800m M16A2E3 5.56mm Rifle

47. Rates of Fire -Sustained - 12 to 15 rounds per minute -Rapid - 150 to 200 rounds per minute -Cyclic - 700 to 800 rounds per minute M16A2E3 5.56mm Rifle

48. 5.56mm Ball - Standard round 5.56mm Tracer - Used to mark targets or cause incendiary effects 5.56mm Blank - Training round 5.56mm Dummy - Totally inert training M16A2E3 5.56mm Rifle

51. M203 40mm Grenade Launcher

52. Description Light weight Single shot Breech loaded Pump action Shoulder fired weapon Attaches to the M16 rifle M203 40mm Grenade Launcher

53. Capabilities/Characteristics Length of launcher - 15 5/16 in Total weight unloaded - 3 lbs Total weight loaded - 3.5 lbs Total weight with M16 - 11 lbs Max range - 400m Max effective range (area tgt) - 350m Max effective range (pt tgt) - 150m M203 40mm Grenade Launcher

56. M203 40mm Grenade Launcher Do not engage enemy troops within 50-80 meters or less if you or other “friendly” troops are not in a protected position.

57. Loading/ unloading PQS Question 108.10 Discuss loading & unloading procedures for the following weapons: 9mm pistol (b, Ch 3) M16 (a, Ch 3) M203 (a, Ch 13) 12ga shotgun (b, Ch 3)

58. Loading/ unloading 9mm Pistol loading procedures: Load a magazine with ammunition With the weapon on “SAFE”, slide forward (or with the slide locked to the rear), and pointed in a safe direction, insert the magazine into the magazine well of the pistol and firmly press the magazine in until a “click” is heard.

59. Loading/ unloading If the slide was open, simply press the slide stop release and engage the safety. If the weapon was loaded with the slide forward, grasp the slide by the serrations forward of the safety, and draw it fully to the rear and release. The pistol is now loaded.

60. Loading/ unloading Unloading With the weapon on safe and pointed in a safe direction, press the magazine release button and remove the magazine. Keeping the weapon pointed in a safe direction, grasp the slide by the serrations forward of the safety, and draw it fully to the rear, ejecting any chambered round. Push the slide stop up, locking the slide to the rear, and visually check the chamber to ensure it is empty

61. Loading/ unloading M16 Rifle loading procedures: Load a magazine with ammunition With the weapon on “SAFE”, bolt forward (or with the bolt locked to the rear), and pointed in a safe direction, insert the magazine into the magazine well of the rifle and firmly press the magazine in until a “click” is heard.

62. Loading/ unloading If the bolt was open, simply press the bolt stop release and engage the safety. If the weapon was loaded with the bolt forward, grasp the charging handle at the rear of the upper receiver and draw it fully to the rear and release. The rifle is now loaded.

63. Loading/ unloading M16 unloading: With the weapon on safe and pointed in a safe direction, press the magazine release button and remove the magazine. Keeping the weapon pointed in a safe direction, grasp the grasp the charging handle at the rear of the upper receiver and draw it fully to the rear , ejecting any chambered round. Push the bolt stop up, locking the bolt to the rear, and visually check the chamber to ensure it is empty.

64. Loading/ unloading M203 grenade launcher loading: Press the barrel latch and slide the barrel assembly forward until the barrel stop is engaged. Insert a cartridge into the chamber; slide the barrel-assembly sharply rearward until the barrel locks; and then move the safety rearward.

65. Loading/ unloading M203 grenade launcher unloading: To unload the launcher, press the barrel latch and move the barrel forward. The expended casing is automatically extracted and ejected.

66. Loading/ unloading 12ga Shotgun loading: SINGLE LOAD: Push the safety to the SAFE position. Press in the action bar lock if the action is cocked and pull the fore-end fully to the rear. Place the shell into the open ejection port upon the down-thrust carrier. Slide the fore-end toward the muzzle to load the shell into the barrel chamber and lock the action closed.

67. Loading/ unloading MAGAZINE LOAD: Push the safety to the SAFE position. Slide the fore-end completely forward to close the action. Turn the gun bottom upward and press the shell against the carrier, then forward fully into the magazine. Make sure the rim of the shell snaps past the shell latch to prevent the shell from sliding back over the carrier. Should this occur, open the action or, if necessary, remove the trigger plate assembly (if the gun is cocked) to remove the shell.

68. Loading/ unloading LOADING THE BARREL FROM THE MAGAZINE: Shells can be fed from the loaded magazine by simply pumping the fore-end. Press in the action bar lock if the gun is cocked. Pump the fore-end back and forth to open and close the action.

69. Loading/ unloading Unloading: Push the safety to the SAFE position. Press in the action bar lock; pull the fore-end slowly rearward until the front end of the shell from the barrel is even with the ejection port in the receiver. Lift the front of the shell outward and remove it from the ejection port. Continue pulling the fore-end back fully until the next shell releases from the magazine. Roll the gun sideways to allow the released shell to drop from the ejection port. Close the action by pushing forward on the fore-end. Continue this same method until the magazine and gun are empty.

70. Loading/ unloading UNLOADING THE BARREL ONLY: Push the safety to the SAFE position. Press in the action bar lock and pull the fore-end rearward until the front end of the shell from the barrel is even with the front end of the ejection port. Lift the front end of the shell from the receiver as described previously. A shell with different powder and shot combination may then be placed in the chamber and the action closed without disturbing shells in the magazine.

71. Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 109.11 Describe the six types of grenades. Fragmentation -Illuminating Chemical -Incendiary Smoke -Practice/Training References: (a, Ch 12) NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1

72. Fragmentation Grenades

73.  Fragmentation Grenades designed to inflict personnel casualties and damage to light equipment by projecting high velocity fragments from the detonated grenade case. The effective casualty-producing radius is about 50 feet (15 meters).

74. Illuminating Grenades

75. Illuminating Grenades used mainly to light up the terrain in night operations. The Mk 1 is the only illuminating grenade currently available. It provides about 55,000 candlepower for a period of 25 seconds.

76. Chemical Grenades

77. Chemical Grenades that are chemical filled munitions designed to be thrown by the individual or projected from the service rifle using a special adapter. ABC-M25A2, riot control hand grenade is the most commonly used Filled with a type of tear gas chemical that causes irritation and watering eyes.

78. Incendiary Grenades

79. Incendiary AN-M14 incendiary Thermite is used to ignite combustible materials and to destroy all types of equipment. This TH grenade is cylindrical in shape and weighs 32 ounces (900 grams).

80. Incendiary Contains filler of 26.5 ounces (751 grams) of Thermite mixture. It uses an igniting delay fuse that sets fire to the Thermite. The Thermite burns at a temperature of about 4,300 ?F.

81. Smoke Grenades

82. Smoke Grenades are cylindrical in shape and weigh about 27 ounces (765 grams). They can be thrown about 40 yards (37 meters) and can be used for screening or marking.

83. Practice and Training Grenades Used to train personnel in the care,handling, and use of grenades prior to using actual service grenades.

84. Practice/Training These grenades are used for training personnel in the care, handling, and use of hand grenades before using service grenades. Practice grenades simulate the functioning of service grenades to provide realism in training.

85. Grenades  PQS Question 109.12 Explain hand grenade safety procedures. References: (a, Ch 12) NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1

86. Grenades Safety Hand grenade safety precautions must be observed by everyone who handles and/or throws any and all types, and by other persons who may be within the grenade's danger area. Anyone within the danger area of a casualty-producing grenade (about 55 yards or 50 meters) must wear a steel helmet. When the safety pin is pulled, the safety lever or arming device should be held down firmly until it is thrown

87. Grenade Safety All personnel handling casualty producing grenades must wear proper protection. Never attempt to defuze hand grenades. Do not remove the safety pin until ready to throw. Do not attach grenades to clothing or equipment.

88. Claymore Mine PQS Question 109.13. Describe the placement, aiming safety requirements, coverage, and methods of firing the Claymore mine. References: (a, Ch 12) NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1

89. M18A1 Claymore Mine

90. Claymore Mine Placement: This mine should be positioned so as to afford all friendly personnel, within 110 yards (100 meters) to the rear and sides of the mine, the opportunity to take adequate cover.

91. Claymore Mine Arming: After the M18A1 mine is positioned and properly aimed, it is armed by first opening the blasting cap assembly and unrolling the wire from either the firing position or the mine. The wire is secured by wrapping a few turns of wire around a leg of the mine and burying it, if possible.

92. Claymore Mine Safety requirements: Before attaching the firing device directly, the circuit should be checked for continuity with the test set provided to ensure that the mine will function at the desired time. The firing device has a safety bail with two positions.

93. Claymore Mine In the upper (safe) position, it acts as a block between the firing handle and the generator. In the lower (fire) position, it allows the generator to be activated. The instructions provided with the M7 bandoleer should be carefully followed by anyone using these mines.

94. Claymore Mine Range / Coverage: When detonated, the M18A1 mine will project steel spheres over a 60 degree fan-shaped pattern approximately 6 feet (1.8 meters) high and 164 feet (50 meters) wide to an optimum effective range of 55 yards (50 meters). These steel fragments are moderately effective up to a range of approximately 110 yards (100 meters) and can travel up to 275 yards (250 meters).

95. Claymore Mine Methods of firing: M18A1 mine can be in either an uncontrolled or a controlled role. An uncontrolled mine is essentially a booby-trap. Seabees are not authorized to fire the M18A1 as an uncontrolled mine!!!

96. Claymore Mine -In a controlled role, the operator detonates the mine with the M57 electrical firing device as the enemy approaches within the kill zone.