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Cell Transport

Cell Transport. 7-3 Pgs. 182-189. Cell Membrane. Cell membrane regulates what leaves and enters the cell. It is a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in the layer. Phospholipids. Phosphate head- polar “likes” water Lipid tail- 2 fatty acids- non-polar- does not “like” water.

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Cell Transport

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  1. Cell Transport 7-3 Pgs. 182-189

  2. Cell Membrane • Cell membrane regulates what leaves and enters the cell. • It is a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in the layer.

  3. Phospholipids • Phosphate head- polar “likes” water • Lipid tail- 2 fatty acids- non-polar- does not “like” water

  4. Phospolipid Bilayer • There are 2 types of proteins in the lipid bilayer • Integral Proteins- transport substances across membrane • Peripheral Proteins- bind to the bilayer temporarily, perform various cellular processes.

  5. Phospholipid Bilayer • Cholesterol plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the membrane. • Keeps it firm and from becoming too permeable. • Carbohydrates- Act as cell markers, allow cells to identify each other.

  6. Cell Membrane Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPJkCbKjBs

  7. Diffusion • All cells must exist in a liquid environment in order to survive. • A solution is a mixture of two or more substances. • Solute- substance dissolved into the solvent • Solvent- substance solute dissolves into. • Ex- iced tea mix is the solute, water is the solvent

  8. Diffusion • Particles are constantly moving in a solution. • Particles tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, this is called diffusion. • Movement from high to low concentration is called the concentration gradient

  9. Diffusion

  10. Equilibrium • Particles move from high to low conc. until they are the same throughout the system, this is called equilibrium

  11. Diffusion • Since particle movement is random, diffusion occurs across the membrane without the use of energy. • Called Passive Diffusion

  12. Osmosis • Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

  13. Osmosis • Water will move across a membrane until the concentrations of water and the solute are equal, this is an isotonic solution. • Hypertonic solution- when there is more solute then water. concentrated • Hypotonic solution- when there is more water then solute. dilute

  14. Facilitated Diffusion • Proteins in the cell membrane allow some substances pass through easier then others. • Still follows concentration gradient • Ex- doorman at a club, lets some people in easier then others

  15. Active Transport • Sometimes particles have to move from low to high concentration, against the concentration gradient. • This requires energy and is called active transport. • Ex- swimming against the current of a river. • Use proteins to carry particles across

  16. Endocytosis and Exocytosis • Particles that are too large to pass through the membrane other ways • Endocytosis- the cell membrane folds around an object and envelops it.

  17. Endocytosis and exocytosis • 2 types of endocytosis • Phagocytosis- used for taking in food particles • Pinocytosis- used for taking in liquids

  18. Exocytosis • Exocytosis is a process used to release substances from the cell. • Vacuole fuses with the cell membrane and forces contents out of cell

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