Operating Systems

1. Operating Systems How the operating system controls your computer Objective: “I can explore, manage, and demonstrate a basic understanding of operating systems.”

2. 1. An Operating System is like gasoline for a car. An operating system talks between the hardware and the applications. It’s the middle man. It’s the gasoline that makes the car go. Without gas, a car will not run. Computer applications are like the car’s air conditioning, radio, drive, and reverse.

3. 2. What is an Operating System? • An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of its software and hardware. • An operating system is NOT a single program.An Operating system is a collection of programs that work together. • The operating system KERNALis the heart of the operating system that runs all low-level functions. • Device drivers are small software programs that interface between the operating system and hardware peripherals. For example: USB drives, printers, and external hard drives. • The operating system “talks” between the system’s hardware and its applications.

4. 3. BOOT UP PROCESS The BOOT PROCESSis a sequence of steps that a computer takes to go from an empty piece of computer hardware to a computer system ready to work for the user.

5. 4. History of “The Boot Process” “Pull yourself up by your bootstraps” Meaning …Improve your situation by your own efforts. Origin The origin of this descriptive phrase isn't known. It refers of course to boots and their straps (laces) and to the imagined feat of a lifting oneself off the ground by pulling on one's bootstraps. This impossible task is supposed to exemplify the achievement in getting out of a difficult situation by one's own efforts. early computers used a process called bootstrapping which alludes to this phraseThis involved loading a small amount of code which was then used to progressively load more complex code until the machine was ready for use. This has led to use of the term 'booting' to mean starting up a computer.

6. 5. Why an Operating System? Without an Operating System (OS), a computer is nothing more than a useless collection of electronics. The operating system makes the computer usable and stable.List at least four (4) common computer operating systems used today. List at least two (2) mobile device operating systems. The operating system manages all resources on the computer or mobile system.

7. 5. The Operating System is contains 3 components: 1. KERNAL: A program that constitutes the central core of a computer operating system. It has complete control over everything that occurs in the system. 2. BIOS: Basic Input/OutputSystemof your computer, commonly known as the BIOS (pronounced "bye-ose"). On virtually every computer available, the BIOS makes sure all the other chips, hard drives, ports and CPU function together. The primary function of the BIOS is to load and start an operating system. When the PC starts up, the first job for the BIOS is to initialize and identify system devices such as the video display card, keyboard and mouse, hard disk, CD/DVD drive and other hardware. 3. DEVICE DRIVERS: A device driver or software driver is a computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a hardware devices. (i.e., drivers for printers, digital cameras, USB flash memory, iPad, iTouch, etc.)

8. Anoperating system can be used to manipulate a computer’s desktop, files, and drives. Objective: “I can use the following effectively and productively: Windows, folders, files, and shortcuts.”

9. 1. Command vs. GUI Interfaces • A command OS interface is simply text on the screen with only the use of a keyboard. UNIX, DOS, and original LINUX are command or text-based operating systems. These operating systems use console commands to manipulate the operating system. • Windows, Mac OSX, and Gnome/KDE LINUX are GUI environments – Graphical User Interface (using a keyboard, mouse and/or icons to manipulate the operating system)

10. 2. Computer Desktop Environment • Desktop GUIs help the user in easily accessing, configuring and modifying many important and frequently accessed specific operating system (OS) features. • A desktop environment typically consists of icons, windows, toolbars, folders, wallpapers and desktop gadgets.

11. 3. Computer Drives • A: — Floppy disk drives, 3.5" or 5.25", and possibly other types of disk drives, if present. (*no longer used) • B: — Reserved for a second floppy drive, if present. (*no longer used) • C: — First hard diskdrive partition. • D: to Z: — Other disk partitions get labeled here. The letter D: or E: are often assigned to CD-ROM, DVD drives but not always. In fact, Windows assigns the next free drive letter to the next drive it encounters.

12. 4. Computer Folders • A folder (or directory) is a container of documents. • Create a new folder by choosing New, Folder • Label folders on a computer just like you would with a real file cabinet.

13. 5. Computer Files • A computer file is a resource for storing information, which is available to a computer program and is usually based on some kind of durable storage. • A file is durable in the sense that it remains available for programs to use after the current program has finished. • Computer files can be considered as the modern counterpart of paper documents which traditionally are kept in offices and libraries.

14. 6. Shortcuts • Ctrl + X is used to CUT – Move a File or Folder to a new drive or folder location • Ctrl + C is used to Copy – Copy a File or Folder to a new drive or folder location • Ctrl + V is used to Paste – After Cntrl-X or Cntrl-C, then use Cntrl-V to paste the file in the new drive or folder location • Ctrl + Z is used to Undo – Use Cntrl-Z to undo or delete your last operation or action

15. 6. Shortcuts • Ctrl + B is used to BOLD – Select text, then press Ctrl + B to Bold • Press Insert to change to “Typeover Mode” which allows text to be typed on top of the existing text (Typeover Text), Press Insert again to change back into “Insert Mode” • Ctrl + S is used to SAVE – After a file has been saved with “Save As”, then use Ctrl-S often to quickly save changes. • Ctrl + A is used to Select All – Use this tool to select all text, picture, files, folders, etc.

16. Objective: “I can discuss the differences and capabilities between UNIX, Linux, Mac, and Windows operating system environments.”

17. 1. UNIX Operating System • The UNIX operating system is widely used on both servers and workstations. • The UNIX environment and the client–server program model were essential elements in the development of the Internet and the reshaping of computing as centered in networks rather than in individual computers. • Both UNIX and the C programming language were developed by AT&T and distributed to government and academic institutions as "open systems” or a “FREE” operating system.

18. 2. LINUX Operating System • Linuxis a free UNIX-type operating system.Developed under the GNU General Public License , the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. • Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers. • Linux is predominantly known for its use in servers. Most desktop computers run either Microsoft Windows or Mac OS X. However, desktop use of Linux has become increasingly popular in recent years. • Popular GUI (Graphical User Interfaces) for PC Linux are Gnome & KDE.

19. 3. Apple OS X Operating System • OS X is the tenth major version of Apple's operating system for Macintosh computers. • OS X is based upon the Mach kernel. • One of the major differences between the previous versions of Mac OS and OS X was the addition of the Aqua GUI, a graphical user interface with water-like elements. • Also, drop shadows were added around windows and isolated text elements to provide a sense of depth.

20. 4. Microsoft Windows Operating System • Windowsis an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. • As of April 2013, the most recent versions of Windows for personal computers, mobile devices, server computers and embedded devices are respectively Windows 8, Windows Phone 8, Windows Server 2012 and Windows Embedded 8. • About what percentage of the Desktop OS market does Microsoft have? • Which Operating System currently has the most market share?

21. Objective: “I can discuss the differences in mobile device operating system environments.”

22. 1. Mobile Device Operating Systems (ANDROID) • Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. • Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in 2005. • Android’s open source code and permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified and distributed by device manufacturers, wireless carriers and enthusiast developers. • Android is the world's most widely used smartphone platform.

23. 2. Mobile Device Operating Systems (APPLE) • Apple iOS(previously iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system developed and distributed by Apple Inc. Originally unveiled in 2007 for the iPhone, it has been extended to support other Apple devices such as the iPod Touch, iPad, and second-generation Apple TV. • Unlike Microsoft's Windows Phone and Google's Android, Apple does not license iOS for installation on non-Apple hardware. • As of June 2013, Apple's App Store contained more than 900,000 iOS applications, 375,000 of which were optimized for iPad. These apps have collectively been downloaded more than 50 billion times.

24. 3. Mobile Device Operating Systems (Android vs. Apple) • Which is better? Android or Apple? Read the following article: http://techland.time.com/2013/04/16/ios-vs-android/ • In Quarter 1 of 2013, did Window’s Phone or Apple’s iOS have more market share? • In Quarter 1 of 2013, did Android or Apple’s iOS have more market share?

25. Objective: “I can understand the difference between Microsoft (PC platform) and Apple (Mac Platform).”

26. 1. Microsoft vs. Apple (What’s the difference?) Who is the founder of Microsoft? Who is the founder of Apple?

27. 2. Mac vs. PC…Why does the war live on ?Why do people love Apple? Why do people love Microsoft? Applevs.Microsoft

28. Open or Closed? Open or Closed? Open or Closed? 3. “Open” vs. “Closed” Architecture Which systems have an “open” hardware architecture and which systems have a “closed” architecture system? CLOSED OPEN OPEN

29. 4. Open Architecture Systems • WINDOWS and ANDROID are “Open Architecture” Operating Systems • Relatively easy to get into the OS to change, manipulate, program, and manage. • ALL NON-Apple Computers have an “Open Architecture” hardware system (HP, Dell, Toshiba, Asus, Lenovo, Sony, build your own PC, etc.) • Individuals can purchase replacement parts from any manufacturer • Individuals can build their own computer • Anyone can build computers and sell replacement parts

30. 5. Closed Architecture Systems • Apple iOS7 is a “Closed Architecture” Operating System • Relatively HARD to get into the OS to change, manipulate, program, and manage. • Apple Computers and Apple Products have a “Closed Architecture” hardware system (iPod, iPad, iPhone, MacBook, iMac, G5, iBook) • Individuals must purchase replacement parts ONLY from Apple. • Individuals CANNOT build their own Apple computer. • ONLY Apple builds Apple computers and products. • ONLY Apple or authorized Apple resellers can sell replacement parts for Apple products. • ONLY Apple or Apple Authorized Service Providers can fix or repair Apple products.

31. 6. Apple Computers vs. PC (Personal Computers)

32. #7 Windows 98 Crashes On Live T.V. During Presentation How does Bill Gates react when his new operating system crashes during a live TV presentation?