1 / 30

Ancient India

Ancient India. Unit 4 – Ancient India 6 th Grade Social Studies. Himalayas. Geographic Setting. Subcontinent Monsoons Hindu Kush Mountain Range. A large landmass that juts out from a continent Surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean, and Arabian Sea.

uma
Download Presentation

Ancient India

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ancient India Unit 4 – Ancient India 6th Grade Social Studies

  2. Himalayas

  3. Geographic Setting Subcontinent • Monsoons • Hindu Kush Mountain Range • A large landmass that juts out from a continent • Surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean, and Arabian Sea. • Strong winds that blow across a region at certain times of the year. • Winter Monsoons – winds blow from the northeast, spreading dry air across the country. • Summer Monsoons - winds blow from the Indian Ocean, spreading moisture and rain across the country. • Serves as barriers and pathways through India. • Considered a highways for migration and invasion

  4. Geographic Setting • Himalayas • Rivers • Separates India from the rest of Asia • Over 1500 miles long and 5 miles high • Longest mtn. range in the world • Has two rivers that start in the mountains • The Ganges River • Flows into the Bay of Bengal • The Indus River • Empties into the Arabian Sea.

  5. Himalayas

  6. Rivers/Oceans

  7. Life in Indus River Valley • Indus River Valley • City-Planners • Mohenjo-Daro • Rich soil • Grew crops - wheat and other grains • Villages grew to become large cities • Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro (located in Pakistan) • Mohenjo-Daro built above ground level to protect it from floods. • The highest point served as a Citadel or fortress. • Protected the city’s most important buildings. • Shops lined streets, carts full of grains, artisans make clothing and jewelry • Traders came from as far as Mesopotamia • Language, government, and religion unknown

  8. Pakistan

  9. New Culture Arises • Mysterious Decline • Aryan culture/life • Indus Valley farmers start to leave around 2000 BC. Why? • Climate change, earthquakes, flood?. • 2000-1500 BC people from north come into valley and gain power in area. • Called Aryans means noble or highborn • Aryans migrated (moved) form Asia to India • Horse drawn carriages gave them power • Local people adapt language and cultures. Mixed population. • Makes weapons out of iron. • Religious book called Vedas means knowledge.

  10. New Culture Arises • Social Classes • Aryans were divided into three social classes or Caste. • Brahnans (priests) • warriors/nobles, artisans, merchants • Farmers, laborers, servants • In 500 BC social class division. • Kids had to stay in parent’s social class. • System became more complicated over time • Still used in India today. • Not as strict

  11. Social Classes

  12. Hinduism Beginnings of Hinduism Brahman • Started over 3500 years ago. • Is a combination of many beliefs. • A major religion today with 850+ million followers • Has no single founder • Worships several gods, goddesses. • Spiritual power that lives in everything. Created Earth and everything on it. • Has no physical form • Born from a golden egg

  13. Important Gods Gods/ Goddesses Avatar • Vishu – The preserver • Is kind. Protects humans from disaster. • Visits earth using different forms. • Shiva – The destroyer. • Powerful. Makes creative and destructive things on earth. • Made from god Rudra “wielder of the thunderbolt.” • Shakti – mother goddess, Shiva’s wife. • Also kind and cruel. • The human or animal form that a Hindu god takes when he visits the earth.

  14. Teachings of Hinduism Upanishads Reincarna-tion • Means sitting near a teacher • One of the religious texts • Made of questions by students and answers by teacher. • Includes questions about how the universe was made . • Means rebirth of the soul • When you die, you are reborn into another living being. • Your actions in this life = fate in the next life. • Good is rewarded with higher position; bad behavior punished (may go to lower caste). • Perfect life: your soul is now one with Brahman (lives in everything). Brahman has no physical form.

  15. Teachings of Hinduism • Dharma • Ahimsa • Practices • BrainPOP | Diwali • Religious and moral duties of everyone. • Must obey to escape cycle of death/rebirth. • Means nonviolence. • Everyone is part Brahma, so be treated with respect. • Don’t eat meat and avoid harming living things. • Finding a path to “truth.” • Yoga – exercises with special breathing • helps free the soul from worries; • unites you with Brahman. s • Selfless deeds – helping poor • Hindus pray together in temples. Also privately at home to a personal god

  16. Hinduism History Beliefs Hinduism

  17. Beginnings of Buddhism • Teachings • Search for Under-standing • Prince Siddhartha Gautama gave up his wealth and family to help easy human suffering. • Led to beginnings of Buddhism • Started in 500 BC • To focus the mind inward in order to find spiritual awareness. • Gautama fasted and meditated under a fig tree and found the answer to suffering. • He traveled across India for 45 years to share his knowledge. • He attracted followers that called him Buddha • Means the “Enlightened One”

  18. Buddha Stone Statue of Buddha One of the earliest known representations of the Buddha

  19. Buddhism The Middle Way Release from re-incarnation • Eightfold Path (AKA Middle Way) • Avoid extreme pleasure or extreme happiness • Believes that selfish pleasure causes human suffering • If path is followed then human suffering will end. • Eightfold Path • Tell the truth all the time • Act unselfishly towards others and treat people fairly. • Avoid violence and killing of living things. • Believed that suffering will end if a person correctly follows the path • Will find nirvana or lasting peace • Will be released from the cycle of reincarnation

  20. Eightfold Path 8 Steps Right Understanding – Having faith in Buddhist views Right Intention- commitment to practice Buddhism Right Speech – Avoid lies and abusive speech Right Action – no taking life, stealing, or hurting others Right Livelihood – reject jobs that conflict with Buddhism Right Efforts – avoid bad attitudes Right Mindfulness – be aware of own body, feelings, and thoughts Right Concentration – thinking deeply to find answers

  21. Followers of Buddhism • Followers Inside/Outside of India • Teaches all people are equal • Anyone can follow Nirvana regardless of social class • Priest and Monks can be from any social class. • Were encouraged to establish monasteries (places to meditate). • Urged Monks to become missionaries (person who spreads religious beliefs to others). • After Buddha’s death – Buddhism died out in India • Today Buddhism is practiced in Japan, Korea, China, Tibet, and Vietnam

  22. Buddhism/Hinduism • Shared Beliefs • Hinduism and Buddhism have many shared beliefs. • Wrong to harm other creatures. • Believe in non-violence and Dharma • Believe in rebirths. • .

  23. Beginning of Buddhism Gautama, a prince, witnesses old age, sickness, and death for the first time.

  24. The Maurya Empire • Beginnings • Rise of Empire • New ruler in NE India around 521 BC • This tiny kingdom grew into Mauryan Empire within 35 years. • Founded by Chandragupta Maurya . • He was born to a poor family. • Was a slave at a young age. • When he became King, he was very wealthy and showed it. • India was a bunch of small warring states. • Maurya’s warriors overthrew all these small kingdoms to create his empire. • It didn’t take long for the empire to cover most of Northern and Central India.

  25. The Maurya Empire • His Rule • Chandragupta believed and wanted “absolute power.” • He had a huge army – both on foot and mounted soldiers with a herd of 9,000 war elephants. • The enemy feared him. • His empire was wealthy – mainly because of farming. Also built trade with Greece, Rome and China • Chandraguptra was worried of being poisoned or being murdered. • At the end of his life he left his throne to his son and decided to become a monk. • After fasting and praying, he starved himself to death..

  26. The Maurya Empire • His Legacy • Asoka’s Leadership • Chandragupta’s rule was ruthless and harsh, but he spent the wealth improving • irrigation systems. • clearing forests for farmland. • trade • In 273 BC, Asoka, Chandragupta’s grandson, took rule. • Asoka means “without sorrow.” • Under his rule he grew the largest empire ever by 232 BC when Asoka’s rule ended.

  27. The Maurya Empire • Battle of Kalings • Asoka ruled for about 35 years. • He was just as ruthless as his grandfather. • Led army south to Kalinga. In 261 BC there was a horribly bloody battle that he won • Asoka “filled with sorrow” about the slaughter/bloodshed. • Gave up war and violence, freed prisoners and gave them their land back. • Converted (change his beliefs) to Buddhism and spread that message across India.

  28. The Maurya Empire • Buddhist Ruler • Outside India • Asoka gave up wars and hunting. Felt the people were “his children” • Built hospitals, dug wells all along roads for thirsty travelers. • Issued moral advice to people. Encouraged truthfulness, honor, tolerance (freedom from prejudice) and made sure people were treated well. • He issued laws requiring people be treated humanely • Asoka sent out Buddhist missionaries to different countries • this is how it spread to China, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Greece and North Africa. • After Asoka died, the Mauryan Empire started to collapse and became divided again. • It took about 600 years before it as reunited again.

  29. Buddhism/Hinduism Buddhism Hinduism

  30. Double Bubble Buddhism Hinduism

More Related