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Radical Revolution and Reaction

Radical Revolution and Reaction. Chapter 18.2. The Move to Radicalism. Paris Commune had forced the Legislative Assembly to call a National Convention Georges Danton – newly appointed minister of justice, seeks revenge on those who aided king as well as those who resisted the popular will.

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Radical Revolution and Reaction

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  1. Radical Revolution and Reaction Chapter 18.2

  2. The Move to Radicalism • Paris Commune had forced the Legislative Assembly to call a National Convention • Georges Danton – newly appointed minister of justice, seeks revenge on those who aided king as well as those who resisted the popular will. • Thousands are arrested and massacred

  3. Jean-Paul Marat1743-1793 • published radical journal –Friend of the People • Journal called for mob violence • Had skin disorder so spent lots of time in tub to sooth skin • Was killed in bathtub

  4. National Convention 1792 • Acting as sovereign ruling body of France • Called to draft a new constitution • Convention distrusted King so abolished Monarch on September 21 and established a new republic, The French Republic

  5. Factions Disagree Over King • Dissenting groups couldn’t agree what to do with King • Jacobin (JA-kuh-buhn) Club was a large network of political groups • Girondins (juh-RAHN-duhns) represented areas outside the cities – feared radical mobs in the cities and leaned toward keeping King alive • Mountain groups represented the interests of radicals in the city of Paris

  6. Decree is Passed! • National Convention agrees to condemn King Louis XVI to death. • January 21, 1793 King Louis XVI is beheaded on the guillotine

  7. National Convention • Not everyone accepts National Convention as authority • Paris local government – the Commune – favors radical change • Peasants outside of Paris did not accept National Convention as authority

  8. Foreign Affairs • Most of Europe outraged by execution of Louis XVI. • An informal coalition of Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain and the Dutch Republic took up arms against France • United States not in support of France

  9. Special Committee Set Up • National Convention sets up a special committee to respond to crises • Committee of Public Safety was given broad powers • Made up of 12 people • George Danton dominated it • Then Maximilien Robespierre led • “The Incorruptible” • One of most important revolution leaders • Democracy and suffrage • Arrested and guillotined

  10. The Reign of Terror • 1793- 1794 Committee of Public Safety in control • Revolutionary courts (tribunals) were set up to prosecute internal enemies of the revolutionary republic • 40,000 people killed • Viva la Revolution!

  11. Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette convicted to die as well as 16,000 others die by guillotine • Marie Antoinette led to the guillotine

  12. City of Lyon • Revolutionary armies were set up to bring rebellious cities under control • City of Lyon was decided to be made an example of • 1,880 citizens killed, houses burned • “Whole ranges of houses, always, the most handsome, burnt. The churches, convents, and all of the dwellings of the former patricians were in ruins.”

  13. Republic of Virtue • Committee of Public Safety took other steps to control France • Maximilien Robespierre creates new order • The Republic of Virtue is established • Democratic republic • Representatives were sent out to implement laws dealing with the wartime emergency • Slavery was abolished in France’s colonies

  14. Other Reforms • Women involved • Went to sessions of National Convention to voice concerns • Society for Revolutionary Republican Women created • Policy of de-christianization • Word Saint removed from street names, churches ransacked, priests encouraged to marry • Church of Notre Dame was designated “temple of reason”

  15. New Calendar Adopted • Years no longer numbered by the birth of Christ but from September 22, 1792 – the first day of the French Republic • Robespierre came to realize most not willing to accept this – overwhelmingly Catholic people

  16. A Nation in Arms • Concern by threat of outside forces, large army is formed • September 1794 army is one million strong • Largest army in Europe • Conquered Austrian Netherlands • Army important step in creation of modern nationalism

  17. End of Terror • Many in National Convention feared Robespierre • Decided to act – condemned him to die by guillotine • Revolutionary fever begins to cool • Reign of Terror comes to halt

  18. The Directory • Committee of Public Safety’s power is reduced • Churches reopenfor public worship • New constitution is created, August 1795 • Reflects desire for more stability • Constitution of 1795 establishes a national legislative assembly with two chambers • Lower house, Council of 500 • Upper house, Council of Elders

  19. Marie Antoinette videos • part I 9 minutes • part 124 minutes

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