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Information Feedback Family

Information Feedback Family. Intrinsic Feedback Extrinsic Feedback. Intrinsic Feedback. internal feedback that is received during and after a movement is executed e.g., Proprioceptive Feedback Muscle Spindles Golgi Tendon Organs Joint Receptors. Extrinsic Feedback.

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Information Feedback Family

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  1. Information Feedback Family • Intrinsic Feedback • Extrinsic Feedback

  2. Intrinsic Feedback internal feedback that is received during and after a movement is executed e.g., Proprioceptive Feedback • Muscle Spindles • Golgi Tendon Organs • Joint Receptors

  3. Extrinsic Feedback usually augmented feedback provided during or after a response from an individual or device • Knowledge of Performance • Knowledge of Results

  4. Knowledge of Results (KR) Is augmented, verbal or verbalizable information that refers to the attainment of an environmental goal. (Did the response accomplish the intended movement goal?) e.g., “the ball rolled two inches to the right of the pin”

  5. Knowledge of Performance (KP) Is augmented information that refers to the actual movement pattern that produced an action. Information is received about the actual performance & execution of the movement, often presented in relation to a standard of correctness. e.g., “your arm was not extended when you hit that overhead”

  6. Knowledge of Results: How Important? • Focus of attention work • Wulf & Weigelt, 1997; Wulf, Hoss & Prinz, 1998; Wulf, Lauterbach, & Toole, in press; • Erroneous KR • Buekers, Magill, & Hall (1992)

  7. Bilodeau, Bilodeau, & Shumsky (1959) • In terms of absolute error, performance improved (particularly in earlier trials) only after trials with KR were provided. • On trials following KR presentation, there was no performance effect due to the relative frequency. (trials without KR showed no performance increase) • Concluded that learning is related to the absolute frequency & not the relative frequency of KR.

  8. Fading of KR Is a schedule which provides feedback (KR) more frequently early in practice, and then gradually reduces the number of trials for which feedback is provided

  9. Fading KR Absolute Error Acquisition Trials Retention

  10. Summary KR Is a format of presenting knowledge of results in which a predetermined number of trials is completed before knowledge of results is presented for that set

  11. Summary-KR SUMMARY T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 KR1 KR2 KR3 KR4 KR5 IMMEDIATET1 KR1 T2 KR2 T3 KR3 T4 KR4 T5 KR5

  12. Gable, Shea, & Wright (1991) Absolute Constant Error (N) SUMMARY CONDITION

  13. Schmidt et al. (1990) 180 deg 0 deg

  14. Optimum Summary Length KR 5/5 KR1/1 Score KR10/10 KR15/15 ACQUISITION TRIAL BLOCK RETENTION

  15. Bandwidth KR Involves setting some criterion range of errors within which knowledge of results (KR) is not provided and outside of which KR is provided

  16. Bandwidth KR (10%) KR Presented 360 ms 400 ms No KR Presented 440 ms KR Presented

  17. Bandwidth KR (Sherwood, 1988) • With larger bandwidths there is a improvement in consistency (VE) • With larger bandwidths have a reduction in relative frequency of KR

  18. Temporal Components of KR Inter-Response Interval Trial n KR n Trial n+1 KR-delay Post KR delay

  19. KR Trials Delay Trials-Delay 1: T1 T2 KR1 T3 KR2 T4 KR3 T5 KR4.......... Immediate: T1KR1T2 KR2 T3KR3T4 KR4 T5..........

  20. Lavery & Suddon (1962) Total Error (cm) Acquisition Trial Block Retention

  21. Guidance Hypothesis: Negative Effects • Subjects may become reliant on the guiding properties of KR • Eliminate the need to process a variety of task related cues • Encourages trial to trial instability

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