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CHANNELING projects at LNF: From Crystal Undulators to Capillary Waveguides Sultan Dabagov

CHANNELING projects at LNF: From Crystal Undulators to Capillary Waveguides Sultan Dabagov. CC-2005, CERN, 8 March 2005. Channeling: Orientational Effects of Transmission & Radiation. 1962-63: Robinson & Oen: Prediction of anomalous penetration Piercy &

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CHANNELING projects at LNF: From Crystal Undulators to Capillary Waveguides Sultan Dabagov

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  1. CHANNELING projects at LNF: From Crystal Undulators to Capillary Waveguides Sultan Dabagov CC-2005, CERN, 8 March 2005

  2. Channeling: Orientational Effects of Transmission & Radiation • 1962-63: • Robinson & • Oen: Prediction of anomalous penetration • Piercy & • Lutz: Experimental discovery • 1965: • Lindhard: Theoretical description • ….. • Andersen • UggerhojClassical theory • Kagan Quantum theory • Kononez • Firsov • Tsyganov • Gibson • Kumakhov • Beloshitsky • Gemmel • Appleton • ….. • more than 1000 articles + a number of monographs Prediction of channeling radiation (ChR) Experimental confirmation: positron channeling in diamond crystal USSR-USA collaboration, SLAC 1978 JETP Lett. 1979 (Miroshnichenko, Avakyan, Figut, et al.) Rev. Mod. Phys. 1974: 1 MeV e- @ Cu crystal

  3. Channeling of Charged Particles @ Amorphous: @ Channeling: Atomic crystal plane + e planar channeling e- Atomic crystal row (axis) axial channeling e- - the Lindhard angle is the critical angle for the channeling

  4. Channeling: Continuum model screening function of Thomas-Fermi type screening length Molier’s potential Lindhard potential …… Firsov, Doyle-Turner, etc. Lindhard: Continuum model – continuum atomic plane/axis potential

  5. Channeling: X-Rays and Neutrons

  6. X-ray and neutron capillary optics @ Basic idea of polycapillary optics is very close to the phenomenon of charged particle channeling

  7. X-ray Channeling: samples of capillary optics 3d & 4th generations: [mm] 1st generation: [m] 2d generation: [cm] http://www.unisantis.com http://www.iroptic.com 5th generation: [mm] ?n-capillaries?

  8. Quantum base 1st order: - no roughness d q Wave equation: k plane (flat) surface Total external reflection

  9. Quantum base (2) - curvature approximation simplification additional term to “potential energy”: angular momentum of photon

  10. Surface channeling - “whispering X gallery” continuum S discrete * Whispering: wall

  11. Modes of channeling along curved surfaces Effective guide channel J.Synchrotron. Rad. 1995 Phys. Lett. A 1995

  12. Down to bulk photon and neutron channeling l : grazing incidence optics : from nm to mm mm : surface channeling l : diffraction angle approaches Fresnel angle : bulk channeling nm Ne Usp. Fiz. Nauk – Physics Uspekhi 2003

  13. Nanotubes: continuum potential example Nanosheet CC Base: fullerene molecule C60 sphere of d ~ 0.7 nm Roled graphite sheets: nested nanotubes

  14. Potentials: Doyle-Turner approximation r dR - form-factor for the separate fullerene continuum potential as sum of row potentials r – distance from the tube I0(x) – mod. Bessel function Phys. Lett. A250 (1998) 360 NIM B143 (1998) 584

  15. X-Ray channeling in nanotubes

  16. Channeling: Electrons and Positrons

  17. Channeling Radiation & Coherent Bremsstrahlung Channelling + MAMBO FEL project at Frascati Source Pulsed Self Amplified Radiation Coherent Self-Amplified PulsedCoherent Radiation Source SEEDING

  18. Channeling Radiation… @ Channeling Radiation: - - optical frequency Doppler effect • Powerful radiation source of X-rays and -rays: • polarized • tunable • narrow forwarded

  19. Bremsstrahlung & Coherent Bremsstrahlung vs Channeling Radiation • @ amorphous - electron: • Radiation as sum of independent impacts with atoms • Effective radius of interaction – aTF • Coherent radiation length lcoh>>aTF • Deviations in trajectory less than effective radiation angles: Nph Quantum energy

  20. Bremsstrahlung & Coherent Bremsstrahlung vs Channeling Radiation @ interference of consequent radiation events: phase of radiation wave Radiation field as interference of radiated waves: Coherent radiation length can be rather large even for short wavelength @ crystal: d Nph Quantum energy

  21. Bremsstrahlung & Coherent Bremsstrahlung vs Channeling Radiation @ crystal: d channeling at definite conditions channeling radiation can be significantly powerful than bremsstrahlung B: CB: ChR:

  22. Channeling Radiation vs Thomson Scattering - radiation frequency - - number of photons per unit of time - - radiation power - @ comparison factor: Laser beam size & mutual orientation @ strength parameters – crystal & field: By Carrigan R. et al.

  23. Channeling Radiation vs Thomson Scattering For X-ray frequencies: 100 MeV electrons channeled in 105 mm Si (110) emit ~ 10-3 ph/e- corresponding to a Photon Flux ~ 108 ph/sec • ChR – effective source of photons in very wide frequency range: • in x-ray range – higher than B, CB, and TS • however, TS provides a higher degree of monochromatization and TS is not undergone incoherent background, which always takes place at ChR

  24. Electron Beam Parameter list

  25. Experimental scheme Channelling MAMBO SEEDING “Channeling” line layout by Kharkov group

  26. SPARC & SPARX & SPARXINO SPARC R&D program towards high brightness e-beam & SASE-FEL experiment (150 MeV e- : l ~ 500 nm) SPARX Phase I - SPARXINO R&D towards an X-ray FEL-SASE source ( 1.25 GeV : l < 10 nm ) SPARX (2.5 GeV e- : l = 13.5 – 1.5 nm) S ource P ulsed SelfA mplified R adiation X Self-Amplified Pulsed X Radiation Source

  27. SPARX-ino proposal SPARC Injector + DAFNE Linac SPARX-ino a 5-10 nm SASE FEL source at LNF

  28. SPARX-ino proposal • upgrade the DAFNE Linac to drive a 5-10 nm SASE-FEL (available budget 15 M€) • Beam energy : 1.2 - 1.5 GeV • upgrade the injector to a RF photo-injector (SPARC-like) • Study group will prepare • a proposal within 2005

  29. SPARC & SPARX & SPARXINO • - The SPARC project engineering has been completed • - The LINAC is entering, on schedule, the installation phase • - First beam delivery in 2006 • - The SPARX project has been funded • - With an up-grade of Dafne Linac the region of a few nm would be achievable.

  30. Channeling 2004 – Channeling 2006 • @ “Channeling 2004” • Workshop on Charged and Neutral Particles • Channeling Phenomena • (Frascati 2-6 November 2004) • http://www.lnf.infn.it/conference/channeling • Radiation of relativistic charged particles in periodic structures • Coherent scattering of electrons and positrons in crystals • Channeling radiation of electrons and positrons in crystals • Channeling of X-rays and neutrons in capillary systems (micro- and nano-channeling) • Novel types of sources for electromagnetic radiation (FEL, powerful X-ray sources) • Applications of channeling phenomena (novel radiation sources, X-ray waveguides, capillary/polycapillary optics) • @“Channeling 2006” • International Conference on Charged and Neutral Particles • Channeling Phenomena • (LNF INFN, May - June 2006) • …with extended subjects for topics…

  31. Collaboration & Acknowledgements We have started collaboration with groups from: Italy, Russia, USA, France, Germany, Switzerland, Ukraine, Belarus, Armenia …list will be extended…

  32. Appendix Additional material

  33. TheScientific Casein the 10 nm Þ 1 nm range: High Peak Brightness ( > 1030 ) Ultra-short (< 100 fs) radiation pulses are of great interest in various areas • molecular physics (vibrational modes, bond breaking and formation at l=10-1 nm) • physics of the clusters (phase transitions at l=10-1 nm,) • surface and interfaces (real time dynamics and phase transitions, l=10-1 nm) • time resolved chemical reactions (metastable and transition states, magnetic scattering, confined systems, l=10-1 nm)

  34. Free Electron Laser Self-Amplified-Spontaneous-Emission (No Mirrors - Tunability - Harmonics)

  35. Collaborations

  36. B SASE FEL Electron Beam Requirements:High Brightness B=> High Peak Current & Low Emittance minimum radiation wavelength g B energy spread B undulator parameter gain length R. Saldin et al. in Conceptual Design of a 500 GeV e+e- Linear Collider with Integrated X-ray Laser Facility, DESY-1997-048

  37. The SPARX-ino opportunity

  38. I = 2.5 kA K = 3 se = 0.03 % en=4 lcr [nm] en=1 I = 1 kA K = 3 se = 0.1 % en=4 lcr [nm] en=1 Energy [GeV] Energy [GeV]

  39. Potentials: Doyle-Turner approximation Phys. Lett. A250 (1998) 360 NIM B143 (1998) 584

  40. Potential for neutral particles: Moliere approximation “Continuous filtration” Ne Phys. Lett. A250 (1998) 360 NIM B143 (1998) 584

  41. Nanocapillary: Bending efficiency d rcurv Effective bending: m-capillary: 100-300 through 10-20cm n-capillary:the reduce of the dimensions by several orders with much higher efficiency Nuovo Cimento B116 (2001) 361

  42. Channeling Radiation

  43. Ex @ 22Elas (1-cos) • Produzioni di impulsi X : 109 fotoni/s, durata 3 ps, monocromatici tunabili nel range 20 keV - 1 MeV. Raggiungimento di 1011 fotoni/s con spot focali all’interazione di 5 mm. • Studi di tecniche di mammografia (e angiografia coronarica) con X monocromatici. • Studi di single molecule protein cristallography.

  44. La realizzazione di una immagine (su superficie 18x24 cm2) in tempi di 2600 s scende a 2.6 s con l’upgrade previsto su SPARC che porta il num. di fotoni a 2.5 1011/s MaMBO Experiment: Mammography Monochromatic Beam Outlook

  45. Accelerazione a plasma di pacchetti di elettroni (25 pC) da 100 MeV a 130 MeV con spread energetico < 5%, emitt. < 1 mm, con laser non guidato (5 mm acc. length). Accelerazione con laser guidato (5 cm) fino a 400 MeV, gradienti > 5 GV/m.

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