FHM TRAINING TOOLS

1. FHM TRAINING TOOLS This training presentation is part of FHM’s commitment to creating and keeping safe workplaces. Be sure to check out all the training programs that are specific to your industry.

2. Job Hazard Analysis

3. Learning Objectives • Objectives: • Comprehensive list of hazards • Apply the Job Hazard Analysis Tool to identify and control hazards

4. Agenda • Agenda: • Common Workplace Hazards • The Job Hazard Analysis Tool

5. Section 1 Common Workplace Hazards

6. Hazard • Hazard: • Often associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in an injury or illness • Identifying hazards and eliminating or controlling them early will help prevent injuries and illnesses

7. Common Hazards and Descriptions • Toxic chemical: • Chemical that exposes a person by absorption through the skin, inhalation, or through the bloodstream that causes illness, disease, or death • Flammable chemical: • Chemical that, when exposed to heat ignition source, results in combustion • Corrosive chemical: • Chemical that, when it comes into contact with skin, metal, or other materials, damages the materials

8. Common Hazards and Descriptions • Explosions caused by chemical reactions: • Caused by the physical mixing of chemicals • Explosions caused by over pressurization: • Sudden and violent release of a large amount of energy due to a significant pressure difference

9. Common Hazards and Descriptions • Electrical: • Contact with exposed conductors • Overheating or arcing to the point of combustion • Electrostatic discharge • Loss of electrical power to critical equipment

10. Common Hazards and Descriptions • Ergonomic strains: • Damage of tissue due to over exertion (strains and sprains) or repetitive motion • Human error ergonomics: • System designs, procedures, or equipment that is error-provocative • Excavation hazards: • Soil collapse in a trench or excavation as a result of improper or inadequate shoring • Fall, slip, and trip hazards: • Conditions that result in falls (impacts) from height or traditional walking surfaces

11. Common Hazards and Descriptions • Fire or high temperatures: • Burns to the skin or damage to other organs • Mechanical/Vibration hazards: • Damage to nerve endings or material fatigue that results in a safety-critical failure • Mechanical failures: • Occur when devices exceed designed capacity or are inadequately maintained • Mechanical hazards: • Skin, muscle, or body part exposed to crushing, caught-between, cutting, tearing, shearing items or equipment

12. Common Hazards and Descriptions • Noise: • Resulting in hearing damage or inability to communicate safety-critical information • Ionizing radiation: • Alpha, Beta, Gamma, neutral particles, and X-rays that cause tissue ionization of cellular components • Non-ionizing radiation: • Ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, and microwaves that cause injury to tissue by thermal or photochemical means

13. Common Hazards and Descriptions • Struck by hazards: • Accelerated mass that strikes the body • Struck against hazards: • Coming into contact with a surface in which action was initiated by the person • Temperature extremes: • Heat stress, exhaustion, hypothermia • Visibility hazards: • Lack of lighting or obstructed vision that results in an error or other hazard • Weather phenomena: • Snow, rain, wind, or ice

14. Section 2 The Job Hazard Analysis Tool

15. Job Hazard Analysis • Job Hazard Analysis: • Focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the environment • A tool to help identify uncontrolled hazards and take steps to eliminate

16. The Importance of Job Hazard Analysis • Importance: • Many workers are injured and killed at the workplace every day in the United States • Preventing workplace injuries and illnesses involves looking at workplace operations, establishing proper job procedures, and ensuring that all employees are trained properly

17. The Value of JHA • Value: • Supervisors can use the findings of a job hazard analysis to eliminate and prevent hazards • A valuable tool for training new employees in the steps required to perform their jobs safely

18. Selecting Jobs for Job Hazard Analysis • Selection: • Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates • Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling injuries or illness, even if there is no history of previous accidents • Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to a severe accident or injury • Jobs that are new to your operation or have undergone changes in processes and procedures • Jobs complex enough to require written instructions

19. The Steps of JHA • The steps: • Involve employees • Review accident history • Conduct a preliminary job review • List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs • Outline the steps or tasks

20. Step One – Involve the Employees • Step One: • Unique understanding of the job, and this knowledge is invaluable for finding hazards • Minimizes oversights • Ensure a quality analysis • Get workers to "buy in" to the solutions because they will share ownership in their safety and health program

21. Step Two – Review the Accident History • Step Two: • Accidents and occupational illnesses that needed medical treatment • Losses that required repair or replacement • Near miss events in which an accident or loss did not occur, but could have • These events are indicators that the existing hazard controls (if any) may not be adequate and deserve more scrutiny

22. Conduct a Preliminary Job Review • Step Three: • Brainstorm ideas to eliminate or control those hazards • If any hazards exist that pose an immediate danger to an employee's life or health, take immediate action to protect the worker • Any problems that can be corrected easily should be corrected as soon as possible

23. Step Four – List, Rank, and Set Priorities • Step Four: • List jobs with hazards that present unacceptable risks, based on those most likely to occur and with the most severe consequences • These jobs should be your first priority for analysis

24. Outline the Steps or Tasks • Outline: • Record enough information to describe each job action • Avoid making the breakdown of steps too detailed • Get input from other workers who have performed the same job • Review the job steps with the employee to make sure you have not omitted something

25. The JHA Form • Form: • Sequence of Basic Job Steps • Potential Hazards • Recommended Control Measures

26. An Example Task for JHA Development • Example: • What are the steps to accomplish this job, starting when the worker gets the initial work order from their lead worker? • What are the hazards associated with each step? • The control measures?

27. The Four Steps of the JHA Form

28. Reviewing the Job Hazard Analysis • Review: • Periodically reviewing your job hazard analysis ensures that it remains current and continues to help reduce workplace accidents and injuries • It is possible that during the review you will identify hazards that were not identified in the initial analysis • It is particularly important to review the job hazard analysis if an illness or injury occurs on a specific job • Any time a job hazard analysis is revised, train all employees affected by the changes in the new job methods, procedures, or protective measures adopted

29. Additional Information • Additional information: • Job Hazard Analysis. OSHA Publication 3071. 2002. • Safety and Health Management System e-Tool:http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/safetyhealth/mod4_tools_methodologies.html