WALT: use dashes, hyphens, colons and semi-colons.

1. WALT: use dashes, hyphens, colons and semi-colons.

2. WILF: What, when, Where, why! YOU KNOW WHAT THE DIFFERENCE IS, WHEN WE USE THEM, WHERE WE CAN USE THEM, AND WHY WE USE THEM!

3. Starter: Hyphens to make compound words. From the table of words below, can you make the 6 hyphenated words in less than 3 minutes? E.g wagon and wheel can be joined to create ‘wagon-wheel’.

4. SPOT THE DIFFERENCE… Hyphen dash

5. FIRST, THE DOUBLE DASH! Used in the same way commas and brackets can be used (to contain extra information): • When we get there - if we get there - I'll have something to say to him about his confounded map. • When we get there (if we get there) I'll have something to say to him about his confounded map. • When we get there, if we get there, I'll have something to say to him about his confounded map. TASK – WRITE YOUR OWN SENTENCE USING THE DOUBLE DASH ROUND EXTRA INFORMATION

6. THE SINGLE DASH 1A DASH BEFORE A FINAL COMMENT OR AFTERTHOUGHT: • My mum said the man was very thoughtful – I don’t know him. • "She got home, put the kettle on and sat down - then she remembered. • I'd love to go out with you to the dinner - when hell freezes over! Task – Write your own sentence using a dash before a final comment or afterthought

7. THE SINGLE DASH 2A DASH FOR SUSPENSE: As the door creaked open, I peered inside and saw – nothing. It was only when I squinted that I could see what lay at the bottom of the steps – bones. Lots of bones. TASK – try writing your own sentence using a dash for suspense. Extra credit question – what text have we seen dashes for suspense used in that we have studied this year?

8. THE SINGLE DASH 3A DASH SHOWING REPETITION: • His writing was full of mistakes – mistakes that could have been avoided. • "You-you monster!" cried the frightened woman. Task – write your own sentence using a dash showing repetition

9. The Colon A colon consists of two dots, one above the other :

10. A COLON IS OFTEN USED TO INTRODUCE A LIST. FOR EXAMPLE: YOU WILL NEED TO BRING THREE THINGS TO THE PARTY: SOME FOOD, SOMETHING TO DRINK, AND A SMALL GIFT FOR THE HOST. Task – write your own sentence using a colon to introduce a list

11. A COLON CAN ALSO BE USED TO INTRODUCE AN EXPLANATION, DEFINITION OR QUOTE OR ILLUSTRATES/EXPANDS ON SOMETHING IN THE FIRST CLAUSE: FOR EXAMPLE: • I’LL TELL YOU WHAT I’M GOING TO DO: I’M GOING TO QUIT. • ELEPHANT: A LARGE GREY MAMMAL. • IN SCENE 5, ROMEO STATES: “JULIET I LOVE YOU.” Task – write your own sentence like the first example where a colon introduces an explanation

12. The Semi-Colon • THE SEMI-COLON CONSISTS OF A COMMA WITH A DOT ABOVE IT ;

13. THE SEMI-COLON IS OFTEN USED TO JOIN TOGETHER TWO CONNECTED CLAUSES REMEMBER THIS IS A GOOD WAY TO AVOID COMMA SPLICES: FOR EXAMPLE: • MARY DRIVES A MERCEDES; JO DRIVES A VOLVO. • MY FAVOURITE ICE CREAM IS CHOCOLATE; MY MUM’S IS VANILLA. • LIZARDS THRIVE IN HOT CLIMATES; POLAR BEARS IN COLD CLIMATES. • ELEPHANTS LIVE IN HOT COUNTRIES; THEY COOL OFF BY BATHING. • TECHNOLOGY AT OUR SCHOOL IS A REAL SUCCESS; THE COMPUTERS ARE TOP QUALITY. Task – try writing your own sentence with two connected clauses joined by a semi-colon

14. THE SEMI-COLON IS ALSO USED TO SEPARATE ITEMS IN A LIST, WHEN THE ITEMS ARE LONG PHRASES. BAY HOUSE IS KNOWN FOR MANY THINGS: THE QUALITY OF THE TEACHING (ESPECIALLY IN ENGLISH); THE HEALTHY AND APPEALING FOOD; THE INTELLIGENCE OF THE TEACHERS AND HELPFULNESS OF THE STUDENTS.

15. Final task IT WAS MR GREEN IN THE CLASSROOM WITH THE BOOK!!! TASK – BASED ON THE MURDER MYSTERY THAT WE DID IN YESTERDAY’S LESSON, IMAGINE THAT YOU ARE WRITING FICTIONAL ACCOUNT OF THE MURDER. START YOUR STORY WITH THE GUESTS OF THE REUNION MINGLING IN THE HALL AND TRY AND REMEMBER AS MANY DETAILS AS YOU POSSIBLY CAN FROM YESTERDAY’S LESSON. YOU MUST INCLUDE: COMMAS, DASHES, HYPHENS, SEMI-COLONS AND COLONS IN YOUR STORY CHALLENGE – CAN YOU ALSO INCLUDE BRACKETS (ALSO KNOWN AS PARENTHESIS)