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Gorilla Ogo

Gorilla Ogo. Gracilaria salicornia. http://www.raingarden.us/gracillaria%20salicornia.jpg. Characteristics and Appearance  of Gorilla Ogo. Found in tidepools and/or reef flats Brittle seaweed with cylindrical branches 2-5mm in diameter Yellowish if growing in sunny spots

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Gorilla Ogo

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  1. Gorilla Ogo Gracilaria salicornia http://www.raingarden.us/gracillaria%20salicornia.jpg

  2. Characteristics and Appearance  of Gorilla Ogo • Found in tidepools and/or reef flats • Brittle seaweed with cylindrical branches 2-5mm in diameter • Yellowish if growing in sunny spots • Dark green or brownish when growing in shaded areas •  Branching irregular •  Forked at tips with tips bluntly rounded • Reproduces Asexually http://www.hawaii.edu/malamalama/2006/01/images/f4_algaeseaweed.jpg http://hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/cor al/images/gorillaogo2.jpg

  3. Origin of the Gracilaria salicornia • Gracilaria salicornia • Widespread in tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans • Introduce to Hawaii by Philippine ships • Found in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu, Big Island http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/ocean.jpeg First Found in Hilo Bay in 1971 & introduce in Kaneohe Bay & Waikiki in 1970s. http://www.hawaii.edu/reefalgae/invasive_algae/rhodo/gracilaria_salicornia.htm

  4. Gorilla Ogo's "niche" on the community • A producer that lives in the ocean and grows over coral, choking it and later kills it. • Has major effects on Hawaiian oceans, like changing the ocean's temperature • Most effects are negative • Invades Hawaiian oceans and beaches • Floats on shores of beaches • Spreads quickly through loose branches floating to different places http://kauaian.net/blog/wp-content/themes/default/images/sushi/ super-sucker-algae.jpg Above: Gorilla Ogo covers hawaii's reef on ocean floor.

  5. CONS Grows over coral reef rapidly &kills the coral/ seaweed Increases temperature on ocean floor  Prevents coral from growing  Washes to shore, polluting the beaches Drives fishes away from their original homes Lessens diversity of coral reef ecosystem Changes food web and food chains of coral reef ecosystem Changes nutrient distribution and cyling of coral reef ecosystem PROS Fish food for passing fish Used as composting and fertilizer for taro farmers in Hawaii Gorilla Ogo's "niche" in its community (Continued) http://www.hawaiiinvasivespecies.org/pests/gorillaogo.html

  6. Gorilla Ogo is able to out-compete it competitors because: Nothing really eats it. Very few fishes eat the seaweed. It has no predators Grows quickly and very invasive Out-Competing Competitors http://kauaian.net/blog/wp-content/themes/default/images/sushi/ super-sucker-algae.jpg http://media.photobucket.com/image/gorilla%20ogo %20affect%20environment/catelito2/gorillaogo.jpg http://cnnscitech.files.wordpress.com/2008/05 /algaehimag1.jpg http://www.hawaiibusiness.com/ Hawaii-Business/April-2004/Unwanted-Dead-Or-Alive/

  7. Reasons for Success in Hawaii • The gorilla ogo is so successful in Hawaii because: • Grows quickly • Primarily spread by fragmentation  • Large amounts of algae wash ashore on beaches http://www.hawaiiinvasivespecies.org/pests/gorillaogo.html

  8. Biological Problems Caused by Gorilla Ogo • Grows quickly, covering massive parts of the reef • Thick texture and overgrowth cause suffocation, killing coral and other seaweeds •  Reduces space for young new coral to attach to the reef and grow •  Not a prefered food source for many reef dwellers •  Changes bottom habitat, limiting access to holes and crevices for larger animals http://www.hawaiibusiness.com/ Hawaii-Business/April-2004/Unwanted-Dead- Or-Alive/

  9. Economical Problems Caused by Gorilla Ogo • Costs attributable to invasive species in the United States amount to approximately $137 billion each year • U.S. agricultural cost alone round to about $72.7 billion Now I am We're missing something between the origin and niche http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_64TjEH6aotA/R7yWBuqRzoI /AAAAAAAAAKE/Ga0IqgyqzJU/s200/ Print_SS_Uchino20.jpg http://www.hawaiiinvasivespecies. org/pests/gorillaogo.html

  10. Impact on Hawaii's Ecosystems & Native Species Displacement • Known to compete with a native reef algae, G. Coronopifolia, for area on the reef flat •  Thick patches of Gorilla Ogo block corals from sunlight and the flow of fresh seawater which kills them •  Smothers beds of sea grass •  Rice coral is disappearing due to enlargement of Gorilla Ogo species •  Animals such as turtles and smaller fish are forced to find new areas of rest due to the limited space on the reef caused by large mats of Gorilla Ogo http://coreyfischer.com/images/ hawaii_collection/rice_coral.jpg Above: Disappearing Rice Coral

  11. Impact on Hawaii's Ecosystem & Native Species Displacement (Cont.) The lesser diversity an ecosystem contains, the more unstable it is. http://i.treehugger.com/images/2007/10/24/super%20sucker%20algae-jj-002.jpg • Populations of algae-eating fish and sea urchins declined •  High diversity coral communities shift to algae dominated reefs • Greatly reduced species diversity caused by reduced coral diversity

  12. What is being done about the Gorilla Ogo? • Marine biologists are very aware of this invasive species •  They are letting the community know about the invasive seaweed • Citizens are manually picking invasive seaweed, but not the most productive way to get rid of the Gorilla Ogo • Scuba divers are vacuuming the Gorilla Ogo, which more efficient than doing by hand • SUPER SUCKER PROJECT by Nature Conservancy & UH Mānoa http://themolokaidispatch.com /files/images/web%20pic. img_assist_custom.jpg Above: A man picks Gorilla ogo from a local pond in moloka'i.

  13. Government organization called, "The Division of Aquatic Resources” DAR Mālama Mauna Lua Bay HEAR & HISC Nature Conservancy & UH Mānoa Another government organization called "Aquatic Resources Monit0ring” ʻAʻohe Limu ʻe- Alien Algae clean -up What is being done about the Gorilla Ogo? (continued) • Contact them at: •     Division of Aquatic Resources    1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 330    Honolulu, HI 96813    Phone: 808-587-0100    FAX: 808-587-0115    email: DLNR.aquatics@hawaii.gov • Ask for Dan Pulhemus, administrator of Division of Aquatic Resources • (808) 643-PEST •     Design & Analysis Team    US EPA    200 SW 35th St    Corvallis, OR 97333 • Contact Robert Nishimoto, Head of Design & Analysis Team

  14. What can be done by the government to remove Gorilla Ogo? • Make commercials about invasive seaweed •  Bring the problem to public's attention • Get others to help clean infested beaches • Publicate more local beach clean- up events • Good for the environment • Multiple people will clean coral faster • Makes a good outing event for family and friends • Have educational opportunities to teach the problem in various school via environmental fairs • Removal or clean-up of the invasive seaweed

  15. THE MAIN IDEA... • GRACILARIA SALICORNIA IS AN INVASIVE SEAWEED THAT ALTERS THE CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM • GRACILARIA SALICORNIA IS NEGATIVELY AFFECTING THE DIVESITY OF THE OCEANS • GRACILARIA IS ALSO AFFECTING OUR  ECONOMY          (no fish = less fishing = less fish to sell = less money) • WE MUST PROTECT THE OCEAN AND ITS RESOURCES FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS! THE GORILLA OGO CAN BE STOPPED, BUT WE NEED EVERYONES HELP TO GET RID OF THIS INVASIVE SEAWEED TO MAKE HAWAI'I A BETTER PLACE!

  16. Bibliography "An Introduction to Invasive Alien Algae in Hawaii: Ecological and Economic Impacts." SGNIS: Sea Grant Nonindigenous Species. Web. 29 Sept. 2009. http://sgnis.org/publicat/squasmith.htm.  "Aquatic Resource Monitoring." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Web. 01 Oct. 2009. http://www.epa.gov/nheerl/arm/. "Gorilla ogo (Gracilaria salicornia)." Hawaii Invasive Species Partnerships. Web. 30 Sept. 2009. <http://www.hawaiiinvasivespecies.org/pests/gorillaogo.html>. Gorilla ogo (Gracilaria salicornia)." Hawaii Invasive Species Partnerships. Web. 25 Sept. 2009. <http://www.hawaiiinvasivespecies.org/pests/gorillaogo.html>. Index of /blog/wp-content/themes/default/images/sushi." Sustainable Hawaii? island sustainability data, maps,blog, training from Kauai. Web. 28 Sept. 2009. http://kauaian.net/blog/wp-content/themes/default/images/sushi/. "Issg Database: Ecology of." IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). Web. 30 Sept. 2009. <http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?s=1026&fr=1&sts=>. "New Page 1." University of Hawaii System. Web. 30 Sept. 2009. <http://www.hawaii.edu/reefalgae/natives/sgfieldguide.htm>. ""Super Suckers" Slurp Invasive Algae Off Reefs." Daily Nature and Science News and Headlines | National Geographic News. Web. 01 Oct. 2009. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/07/070730-super-sucker.html>. ""Super Suckers" Slurp Invasive Algae Off Reefs -." DuikForum.nl. Web. 01 Oct. 2009. <http://www.duikforum.nl/duik-nieuws-engels/16708-super-suckers-slurp-invasive-algae-off-reefs.html>. "SusHI | Sustainability in Hawai`i » sucking Hawaii’s reefs: gorilla ogo’s gotta go." Sustainable Hawaii? island sustainability data, maps,blog, training from Kauai. Web. 01 Oct. 2009. <http://kauaian.net/blog/?p=862>. "Unwanted: Dead Or Alive - Hawaii Business - April 2004 - Hawaii." Hawaii Business Magazine - Industry, Employers, Finance - Honolulu, HI. Web. 01 Oct. 2009. <http://www.hawaiibusiness.com/Hawaii- Business/April-2004/Unwanted-Dead-Or-Alive/>.

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