Chpt . 15 Genes and how they work

1. Chpt. 15 Genes and how they work Juliocoolio Soto, Tank Smith, Ninja Sequeira, Timmeh Schaeffer, Roberto Swagmaster Romero

2. The Nature of Genes • The Central Dogma of Biology • DNA RNA Protein • In between there is Transcription and Translation • Transcription produces and exact copy of DNA • Translation is when the mRNA is read by a ribosome with tRNA to combine amino acids to make a protein

3. The Genetic Code • The genetic code is read in groups of 3 • AUG =Start • UAA= Stop • UAG= Stop • UGA= Stop

4. Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Transcription • Prokaryotic have a single RNA polymerase • Eukaryotic transcription is when the DNA strand is acted upon by 3 RNA polymerases, creating a strand of mRNA

5. Translation • Requires accesory factors • Eukaryotic translation is when the ribosome reads the mRNA strand as it flows through it,at the same time combining amino acids from tRNA to make a polypeptide and then a protein • Elongation adds successive amino acids • Termination requires accessory factors • Proteins may be targeted to the ER

6. Mutation: Altered Genes • Point mutations affects single site in the DNA • Chromosomal mutations have the structure of chromosomes • Our view of the nature of genes has changed with new information