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Introduction to Excretion: Understanding the Body's Waste Removal System

Explore the process of excretion, the release and removal of metabolic wastes like excess water, salts, carbon dioxide, and nitrogenous wastes resulting from protein breakdown. Learn how the excretory system, including the skin, lungs, and kidneys, eliminates toxic substances like ammonia, uric acid, and urea. Discover the key components of excretion through detailed diagrams of the kidneys, urinary tract, and nephrons. Understand the stages of filtration, reabsorption, and excretion involved in maintaining proper waste balance in the body.

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Introduction to Excretion: Understanding the Body's Waste Removal System

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  1. Intro to Excretion

  2. Excretion • Excretion • Release and removal of metabolic wastes • Metabolic Wastes • Excess water • Salts • Carbon Dioxide • Nitrogenous Wastes

  3. Excretion • Nitrogenous Wastes • Result from the breakdown of proteins • Toxic • Ammonia • Uric Acid • Urea

  4. Excretory System • Excretory system- • Skin (sweat) • Excess water • Salts • Small amounts of urea • Lungs • Carbon Dioxide • Kidneys (urine) • Water • Salts • Urea • Uric Acid

  5. Diagram A – Kidneys and Urinary Tract • 1. Kidney • Filters blood • 2. Ureter • Carries urine from kidney to bladder • 3. Bladder • Stores urine • 4. Urethra • Eliminates urine from the body

  6. Diagram A – Kidneys and Urinary Tract • Also • aorta (left)- red • inferior vena cava (right)- blue

  7. Diagram B- Kidney • 1. Medulla • “Middle” area of kidney, between cortex and pelvis • 2. Nephron • Functional unit of kidney, filtration occurs here • 3. Cortex • Outer portion of kidney

  8. Diagram B- Kidney • 4. Ureter • Carries urine from kidney to bladder • 5. Renal vein • Carries filtered blood from kidney • 6. Renal artery • Carries unfiltered blood to kidney

  9. Diagram B- Kidney • 7. Pelvis • Collects urine from the collecting tubules

  10. Diagram C- Nephron • 1. Convoluted Tubules • Carry the materials filtered from the blood • 2. Loop of Henle • Tubule that drops then goes up through the capillary net

  11. Diagram C- Nephron • 3. Collecting tubules • Collects urine from the convoluted tubules • 4. Venule • Returns filtered blood to renal vein • 5. Arteriole • Brings unfiltered blood from renal artery

  12. Diagram C- Nephron • 6. Bowman’s Capsule • Cuplike structure that collects filtrate from blood (filtration) • 7. Glomerulus • Ball of capillaries inside Bowman’s Capsule (filtration)

  13. Diagram D- Filtration • A. Blood entering Nephron • needed materials • wastes • C. Enters Bowman’s Capsule- (filtrate) • water • amino acids • glucose • salts • Urea

  14. Diagram D- Filtration • B. Remains in blood- • blood cells • plasma proteins

  15. Diagram D- Reabsorption • D. Reabsorbed into blood- • needed water • amino acids • glucose • salts

  16. Diagram D- Excretion • E. Excreted as urine- • water • urea • salts • uric acid

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