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Learn the essential rules of MLA formatting, including paper structure, in-text citations, block quotes, and Works Cited page, for academic excellence.
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MLA Format Mrs. JeselnikMs. Word RCA INSPIRED BY THE WORK OF JANA WILLIAMS, ENGLISH INSTRUCTOR
The Golden Rules of MLA • Double-space EVERYTHING • 12-point, Times New Roman font • 1” margins all around • Header in right-margin with your last name and the page number
MLA Format Tips for Paper Writing • First four lines: • Name Ima Student • Instructor’s name Mrs. Jeselnik/Ms. Word • Class American Lit. • Date 14 March 2014 • Fifth line: • Title: centered, no quotation marks, no underlining • Indent first line of every new paragraph.
Sample Paper Heading in MLA Format Baker 1 Peggy Sue BakerMrs. Jeselnik/Ms. Word American Lit.14 March 2014 Early Responsibility Many students today participate in extracurricular activities while in high school which add to the students’ levels of responsibility. Some students participate in sports, which help improve certain work ethics like leadership and teamwork. Others participate in clubs, which also aid in
In-Text Citations • Give Credit Where Credit is Due. • When you use information found from another source (not your own thoughts/ideas) you must cite the source within your text as well as in the Works Cited page • After your “info-containing” sentence, you cite your source in parentheses. • End punctuation goes after the parentheses • What goes in the parentheses? • Author’s last name • Page # where quote was found
The 5 Steps of Citing • Open Parentheses: ( • Author’s Last Name: Fitzgerald • Page Number: 82 • Closed Parentheses: ) • Period: . “Here is my quote” (Fitzgerald 82). (Card 14). (Crutcher 56).
3 Ways of Quoting • Direct Quote • Paraphrasing • Block Quote
Direct Quotes • Using an author’s information word-for-word • What to Do • Put quotation marks around the author’s words and then cite the source at the end of the sentence. • EXAMPLE: According to How to Read Literature like a Professor, “few stories capture the imagination like that of Daedalus and Icarus” (Foster 126).
Paraphrasing • Using an author’s information in your own words • Still cite the source after the sentence • EXAMPLE: According to How to Read Literature like a Professor, the Greek myth of Daedalus and Icarus wonderfully captures the reader’s information (Foster 126).
Block Quotes • A block quote is a direct quote that is more than four typed lines long. • What Do I Do? • Indent entire block quote 1 inch (2 tabs) • Drop quotation marks • End punctuation precedes the parentheses of your in-text citation
Block Quote Example According to How to Read Literature like a Professor, Few stories from Greek mythology capture the imagination like that of Daedalus and Icarus: the ingenious father’s attempt to save his song from a tyrant as well as from his own invention (the labyrinth) by coming up with an even more marvelous creation; the solemn parental warning ignored in a burst of youthful exuberance; the fall from a great height; a father’s terrible grief and guilt. (Foster 126)Here Foster explores one flight which greatly influenced a mythology and character.
Sample Works Cited in MLA Format Baker 6 Works Cited Foster, Thomas C. How to Read Literature like a Professor. New York: Harper-Collins Publisher Inc., 2003. Print. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2004. Print. Lemaster, Tracy. “Feminist Thing Theory in Sister Carrie. Studies in American Naturalism. 4.1 (2009): 41-55. Web. 21 November 2010.
Most Commonly Used Sources • Books: Card, Orson Scott. Ender’s Game. New York: Tom Doherty Associates LLC, 1991. Print. • Online articles: Littman, Robert J. “Plague of Athens: Epidemiology and Paleopathology.” Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. 75.5 (2009): 456-467. Web. 5 February 2011.
Most Commonly Used Sources • Web pages: “Cholera.” Centers For Disease Control and Prevention. cdc.gov. 18 November 2010. Web. 5 February 2011. • Text within an Anthology: Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. The Norton Anthology of World Drama, Ed. Gainor. New York: W W Norton Co., 2002. Print.
Integrating Quotes CORRECTLY! Placing quotes into a paper can be tricky… Here are a few methods: • Integrate into Your Own Sentence • Lead in with Introductory Clause • Complete Sentence: Quote
Integrating Quotes into Your Own Sentence • Use a quote as part of your own sentence without any punctuation. • Thoreau argues that “shames and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous.” • Try to keep these quotes short! • Make sure it still makes sense and the grammar is still correct! If not, change it, and put the changed word in [brackets] • Dillard was "stunned into stillness as he was emerging from beneath an enormous shaggy wild rose bush four feet away." • Dillard was "stunned into stillness as [the weasel] was emerging from beneath an enormous shaggy wild rose bush four feet away."
Complete sentence: (colon) quote. • Thoreau ends his essay with a metaphor: “Time is but the stream I go fishing in.” • Introductory phrase, (comma) quote. • According to Thoreau, “We do not ride on the railroad; it rides upon us.”
When can I use an ellipsis? • Never to begin a quote! • Ellipses should only be used when omitting a piece of a quote within the material. • How many dots? • Three for a removed phrase (…) • Four for one sentence segueing into another (….) • According to Gunn, Tema can be representative of a “modern American Indian[who] bears slight resemblance to her forebears...but is still a tribal woman in her deepest being. Her tribal sense of relationship to all that is continues to flourish” (45). OR • According to Gunn, Tema can be representative of a “modern American Indian [who] bears slight resemblance to her forebears....Her tribal sense of relationship to all that is continues to flourish” (45).
What about Questions? And Exclamations!? • When it’s yours (your question, your exclamation) the punctuation goes outside of the “quotation marks”! • Did Mark Anthony say, “Friends, Romans, countrymen”? • When the punctuation is part of the quote, it goes “inside the quotation marks?” • “Look at that!” he exclaimed.
http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000104.htm • http://www2.ivcc.edu/eng1001/handout_quotations.htm • http://www.vanderbilt.edu/ans/english/mwollaeger/cdw.htm