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AP Environmental Science Mr. Grant Lesson 75. The Oceans. Objectives:. Define the terms photic zone , pelagic zone and benthic zone . Identify physical, geographical, chemical, and biological aspects of the marine environment.
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AP Environmental Science • Mr. Grant • Lesson 75 The Oceans
Objectives: • Define the terms photic zone, pelagic zone and benthic zone. • Identify physical, geographical, chemical, and biological aspects of the marine environment. • Explain how the oceans influence, and are influenced by, climate.
Define the terms photic zone, pelagic zone and benthic zone. • Photic Zone: • Pelagic Zone: • Benthic Zone:
Identify physical, geographical, chemical, and biological aspects of the marine environment. • Oceans cover 71% of Earth’s surface and contain over 97% of its surface water. • Seafloor topography can be complex. • Ocean water contains 96.5% H2O by mass and various dissolved salts. • Colder, saltier water is denser and sinks. Water temperatures vary with latitude, and temperature variation is greater than surface layers. • Surface currents move horizontally through the oceans, driven by wind and other factors. • Vertical water movement includes upwelling and down welling, which affect the distribution of nutrients and life.
Cod are groundfish The U.S. and Canada have paid billions to retrain fishermen who lost their jobs
A stylized bathymetric profile of the ocean A stylized map reflects the ocean’s bathymetry (depths) and topography (landforms)
Explain how he oceans influence, and are influenced by, climate. • The thermohaline circulation shapes regional climate, or instance, keeping Europe warm. Global warming could potentially shut down existing circulation patterns. • El Niño and La Niña events alter climate and affect fisheries. • The oceans sequester atmospheric carbon and have slowed global climate change, but they could become saturated. • Absorption of excess carbon dioxide leads to ocean acidification, which hinders corals in forming reefs.
ENSO, El Niño, and La Niña Normal conditions El Niño conditions