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AAPL June 2007

AAPL June 2007. Horizontal Drilling in the Barnett Shale Andrée French Griffin Manager of Geology Fort Worth Basin XTO Energy. AAPL June 2007. Play Overview Current activity – number of wells, production, the “feeding frenzy” is on! Geological history of the Fort Worth Basin

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AAPL June 2007

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  1. AAPL June 2007 Horizontal Drilling in the Barnett Shale Andrée French Griffin Manager of Geology Fort Worth Basin XTO Energy

  2. AAPL June 2007 • Play Overview • Current activity – number of wells, production, the “feeding frenzy” is on! • Geological history of the Fort Worth Basin • Horizontal Drilling • Why does horizontal drilling work in the Barnett • A geologist’s view of “how they do that!” • The other tools used to make the play economic • Induced Frac technology • Seismic • Conclusions

  3. Largest ‘Shale Gas Field’ in N. America • ‘Unconventional’ resource play • Covers 15 counties • 6,445 producing wells • Producing 2.2 Bcf/d (66 Bcf/month) • 2.66 Tcf of gas produced (Nov 2006) • Huge upside potential - 26 TCF (USGS Estimate) • Large resource – low recovery • 82% of current production from Core area • Take away capacity is expanding rapidly WISE DENTON 1790 wells950 BCF 2067 wells804 BCF CORE~ 82% of current production PARKER TARRANT DALLAS 450 wells62 BCF 1005 wells440 BCF TIER 1 Fort Worth Weatherford GAS-IN-PLACE (GIP) 150 BCF/640 acres TIER 2 HOOD JOHNSON Downspacing 136 wells20 BCF 717 wells 238 BCF Ouachita Thrust Front Cleburne Low Risk SOMERVELL 9 wells.7 Bcf HILL 35 wells ERATH BOSQUE COUNTYWells Cum. Bcf 3.5 Bcf Long-Term 51 wells2.4 Bcf 4 wells0.15 Bcf Source: IHS current thru Nov 2006

  4. XTO acreage XTO Energy: At Home in the Barnett Shale • Net acreage: 265,000 gross (~ 214,000 net) • Plan to drill 280 - 300 wells in 2007 • Producing wells: • 180 vertical • 420 horizontal • 95% of acreage covered by 3-D seismic by mid '07 • Active drilling rigs: 24 rigs • 19 in CORE • 4-5 in Tier 1 • 1 in Tier 2 • 2007 drilling inventory: • 1,800 - 2,000 wells • Still acquiring acreage and pursuing acquisitions WISE DENTON JACK CORE110,000 acres(94,000 net) PARKER TARRANT DALLAS TIER 176,000 acres(61,000 net) Fort Worth Weatherford HOOD JOHNSON Cleburne SOMERVELL Ouachita Thrust Front HILL BOSQUE TIER 279,000 acres(59,000 net)

  5. Feeding Frenzy!

  6. The Feeding Frenzy is on!

  7. AAPL June 2007 • Play Overview • Current activity – number of wells, production, the “feeding frenzy” is on! • Geological history of the Fort Worth Basin • Horizontal Drilling • Why does horizontal drilling work in the Barnett • A geologist’s view of “how they do that!” • The other tools used to make the play economic • Seismic • Induced Frac technology • Conclusions

  8. Geology Overview It is Mississippian-aged -345 mya • Organic-rich shale -contains a bunch of dead critters that when broken down form oil and gas • Continuous and thick - covering the entire Fort Worth Basin - average thickness 350’ • It is a known hydrocarbon producer • It is not the same everywhere!

  9. Formation of the Fort Worth Basin Geological History • Deep Ocean – 345 MYA • Deep Subduction zone forms • Land mass approaches from SE, volcanoes • Basin Fills • Mountains in East Texas!! – 300 MYA

  10. Mississippian Deposition – 345 MYA http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/nam.html From Ron Blakely Paleogography of North America 2005

  11. Early Mississippian – FW Basin From Ron Blakely Paleogography of North America 2005 Deep basin

  12. Subduction Zone Southeast The Gulf is not the same! Northwest Texas is under water!

  13. Late Mississippian 325 MYA From Ron Blakely Paleogography of North America 2005

  14. Early Pennsylvanian - 315 From Ron Blakely Paleogography of North America 2005

  15. Late Pennsylvanian – 300 MY From Ron Blakely Paleogography of North America 2005

  16. AAPL June 2007 • Play Overview • Geological history of the Fort Worth Basin • Horizontal Drilling • Why does horizontal drilling work in the Barnett • A geologists view of “how they do that!” • The other tools used to make the play economic • Seismic • Induced Frac technology • Conclusions

  17. AAPL June 2007 • Horizontal Drill is Effective in the Barnett • Geological reasons • Exposes the wellbore to more surface area • Barnett thickness is about right ~350’ thick • Intercepts natural fractures? – Austin Chalk Model • Intercepts artificially induced fractures and hopefully reopens natural healed system • Avoids karst and faults…not always true. • Cultural reasons • Allows for drilling under city, lakes, parks, schools . . . • Multiple wells off of one pad – competition with developers is tough!

  18. Applications Of Directional Drilling Definition of Directional Drilling: Directional drilling is the science of directing a wellbore along a predetermined trajectory to intersect a designated sub-surface target But How do they do it?

  19. First Openhole Single Shot Survey, Long Beach, CA. Long Beach CA., Shoreline Drilling (1930’s) It is not new!

  20. Reference Systems and Coordinates How do you know where the wellbore is? • Depth Reference • Measured Depth • True Vertical Depth • Inclination Reference • Vertical Reference • Direction Measurement • Azimuth Reference • Quadrant Bearings

  21. Fixed Angle Build Motor The right BHA is Important Drill string Collars Mud motor – determines build rate Bit

  22. N E W Azimuth S Azimuth - Degrees from North to High Side (Horizontal Plane) Reference Systems and Coordinates • Azimuth (Hole Direction) • The azimuth - the direction of the borehole on the horizontal plane, measured as a clockwise angle (0°- 360°) from the North reference. • All magnetic tools give readings referenced to Magnetic North; however, the final calculated coordinates are referenced to either True North or Grid North.

  23. Directional Control Methods Oriented Mode – Sliding • Inclination – magnetic tools in BHA • Wellpath • Controlled curvature • Controlled direction • No drill string rotation

  24. Directional Control Methods Rotary Mode - Rotating • Wellpath • Behavior same as a rotary drilling assembly • Hole slightly over size

  25. Applications of Directional Drilling • Intercepts natural fractures • Pilot hole • Opposing laterals

  26. Applications of Directional Drilling • Shoreline drilling

  27. Applications of Directional Drilling • Re-entry/Multi-lateral wells – our future??

  28. AAPL June 2007 Horizontal Urban Drilling • Multiple wells off of one pad • Reduces foot print • Reduces influence on neighbors • Centralizes facilities • Centralizes pipeline access and reduces number of ROW • Complications • Creates shallow drilling hazards • Many landowners do not own minerals

  29. Applications Of Directional Drilling • Inaccessible locations

  30. City Limits and the Core

  31. Current Pad – 4 wells

  32. Current wells – 3 wells & 1 infill

  33. 40 acre infill – 6 wells

  34. 20 acre development – 10 wells

  35. Let’s Look inside a Horizontal Wellbore AAPL June 2007

  36. HEALED FRACTURE OPEN FRACTURE BARNETT SHALE NEWARK EAST FIELD PARKER CO., TX

  37. HEALED FRACTURE OPEN FRACTURE BARNETT SHALE NEWARK EAST FIELD PARKER CO., TX

  38. Play Overview The tools used to make the play economic • Horizontal Drilling • Frac technology gets the gas out • Seismic identifies geohazards

  39. Barnett Shale – New Technology Horizontal Drill & Frac

  40. Barnett Wellbore Schematic Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 3 – 5 Stages of fracs starting at “toe” Typical frac: 18,000 BW & 400,000 lbs. sand per stage

  41. Play Overview The tools used to make the play economic • Horizontal Drilling • Frac technology gets the gas out • Seismic identifies geohazards • Faults • Karsts

  42. THE EXPLOSIVES PRODUCE THE SOUND WAVES, WHICH THEN BOUNCE BACK FROM THE LAYERS

  43. It’s not my fault that the rock is broken. It’s a Fault! High & thick! Gone! Low? Low and Thin?!?

  44. VR Crossline 106

  45. VR Crossline 106

  46. 400’ fault

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