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carbon and its compounds class 10 notes (2)

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carbon and its compounds class 10 notes (2)

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  1. Quality Education For All Quality Education For All

  2. 1-SHOT REVISION CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

  3. What do we learn? ✓Bonding in Carbon ✓Versatile nature of Carbon ✓Saturated and Unsaturated Carbon Compounds ✓Functional groups ✓ Homologous Series ✓Nomenclature od Carbon compounds ✓Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds ✓Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid ✓Soaps and Detergents

  4. Carbon ❖Atomic number – 6 ❖Mass number -12 ❖Electronic configuration – 1s2,2s2,2p2 ❖Valence electrons -4

  5. Why Carbon is Unique? ▪ Tetravalency – Carbon has 4 valence electrons and also can share with other elements to form Covalent Bond ▪ Catenation – Ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon by giving rise to large molecules

  6. Covalent Bond A chemical bond which involves sharing of electrons between atoms is called Covalent Bond

  7. Formation of H2Molecule H. H .H . Shared electrons H . H H-H

  8. Formation of N2Molecule ..... .. ... N N ..... .. ... N N N .. .. N

  9. HYDROCARBONS Compounds which contains only carbon and hydrogen are called as Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Saturated Hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes

  10. Saturated Hydrocarbons Compounds which contain single covalent bonds between carbon atoms are called Saturated hydrocarbons Alkanes Hydrocarbons which are saturated contains single bond between carbon atoms are Alkanes General Formula – CnH2n+2 n = number of atoms

  11. Source-NCERT textbook

  12. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Compounds which contain double or triple bonds between carbon atoms are called Saturated hydrocarbons Alkenes Hydrocarbons which are Unsaturated contains double bond between carbon atoms are Alkanes General Formula – CnH2n

  13. Alkynes Hydrocarbons which are Unsaturated contains triple bond between carbon atoms are Alkanes General Formula – CnH2n-2

  14. What is functional group? Functional groups are those which decide the chemical property of an organic compounds. These groups contain Heteroatom Heteroatom- Along with Carbon and Hydrogen, other elements are also present. Those elements are called as Heteroatom Oxygen,Nitrogen,Hydrogen etc

  15. Functional Groups in Carbon Compounds Source-NCERT Textbook

  16. HOMOLOGOUS SERIES Series of same organic compounds but differ from adjacent members by –CH2group is called as Homologous Series. Each member of homologous series is called as Homologue

  17. IUPAC Nomenclature of Compounds Nomenclature– Naming IUPAC- International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Rules for IUPAC Nomenclature First name- Prefix Middle name- Word root Last name- Suffix

  18. The group or atoms that should be mentioned as Prefix Group Name as Prefix -Cl Chloro -F Fluro -CH3 Methyl -Br Bromo

  19. • The number of carbon atoms should be mentioned as word root 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 C Meth Eth Prop But Pent Hex Hept Oct Non

  20. • Writing Suffix Functional Group should be mentioned as Suffix Group Name -OH ol -CHO al -COOH oic >C=O one

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